회화용 캔버스 규격의 형성과 전개 연구 (A study on the formation and development of standard canvas sizes for painting)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동서미술문화학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동서미술문화학회 미술문화연구 / 21권 / 21호 / 5 ~ 34페이지
· 저자명 : 신학

초록

미술의 역사, 특히 서양에서 캔버스와 같은 천 위에 그려진 그림은 오랜 시간 동안 저평가되었다. 그러나 15세기 후반부터 제단화나 벽면 장식을 포함한 다양한 영역에 적극 활용되고, 16세기 중엽에 이르면 패널화나 프레스코화의 자리를 대신하여 회화를 위한 가장 중요한 ‘지지체’가 된다.
이러한 변화는 15세기 중반 해상무역국 베네치아(Venice)에서 시작됐으며, 선박의 돛을 활용해 다양한 캔버스 그림을 제작했다. 이후 유화가 회화의 중심 매체로 부각되면서 캔버스의 활용은 더욱 활발해진다. 캔버스의 사용은 17세기에 영국으로 전파되었고, 초상화 제작을 위한 규격화된 캔버스들이 만들어져 화가들이 이용할 수 있었다. 그리고 비슷한 시기 프랑스에서는 수치화된 캔버스 규격이 사용된다. 19세기 중반에는 영국과 프랑스 화구회사에서 본격적으로 캔버스를 생산하고, 그 규격과 종류가 크게 늘어난다. 19세기 말엽에는 미터법 제정과 함께 새로운 캔버스 규격이 만들어진다. 이 규격은 유럽 전역에서 받아들여졌으며, 아시아 지역에도 유입되어 캔버스의 규격을 지정하는 시스템으로 현재까지 남게 된다.

영어초록

In the history of art, especially in the West, paintings painted on fabrics such as canvas, have been undervalued for a long time. Canvas has been used in painting starting from the end of 15th century in Venice. The introduction of canvas as a support for painting, brought about by Venetian painters who developed and popularized its use, was a giant step forward in the history of art. Canvas possessed numerous advantages compared to traditional painting supports like fresco. It was more resistant to damp than fresco painting, and at the same time it permitted larger formats than wooden panels, it was less costly and less prone to deterioration (cracking, insect damage, etc.) and, as it was lighter and could be rolled up, it was easier to transport.
Canvas has become the most common support medium for oil painting, replacing wooden panels and fresco. The use of canvas spread to England in the 17th century, where canvases were standardized and manufactured to be sold to artists for portrait paintings.
In 19th century a new system of standards for canvas sizes was introduced in France. This system has been accepted throughout Europe and even imported to East Asia, where it remains the one for canvas formats available from the local manufacturers of art materials. The canvas frame can be used as a device for delimiting an area or a surface that is supposed to be perceived with a certain emphasis on a particular section of the visual universe. That the choice of canvas sizes may have been more a matter of perception as to what in practice looked best or worked best for artists. The sizes were presumably influenced by the dominant needs of painters at the time and place they were initially formalised. So on this basis they were a matter of local practice and convenience. As canvas became more popular as a support, no doubt artists will have tried different formats and will have come to have preferred certain sizes to others.

참고자료

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