일본 도호쿠(東北)지방에선 왜 아베정권의 ‘메이지유신 150주년’을 ‘보신(戊辰)전쟁 150주년’으로 기념하고 있을까? (Why does the Northeast Province in Japan Celebrate ‘the 150th Anniversary of the Meiji Restoration’ of Abe’s Regime as ‘the 150th Anniversary of the Boshin War’?)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한일관계사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한일관계사연구 / 66호 / 315 ~ 353페이지
· 저자명 : 민덕기

초록

2018년은 1868년의 ‘메이지유신 150주년’에 해당한다. 아베정권은 이 시기에 대대적인 기념행사를 전개하였다. 아베가 ‘메이지 150주년’을 강조하는 이유는 이를 적극적으로 활용하여 애국심을 도출하고, 강력한 국민 통합을 통해 자신이 필생의 과업으로 생각하는 헌법 개정을 실현하려하기 때문이다. 이러한 아베정권의 취지에 적극 부응･참여하는 지역이 있다. 사쓰마(가고시마)와 쵸슈(야마구치)를 중심으로 한 메이지 유신의 주역 지역들이다.
그러나 ‘메이지유신 150주년’을 부정적으로 바라보는 지역이 있다. 일본 도호쿠지방이다. 왜 도호쿠 사람은 ‘메이지유신 150주년’ 기념에 소극적이고 부정적일까? 왜 도호쿠사람은 오히려 1868년의 干支인 보신(戊辰)을 따 명명한 ‘보신전쟁 150주년’ 기념에 적극적이고 긍정적일까? 도호쿠사람들은 메이지 신정부군이 벌린 보신전쟁에 말려들어 참패했고, ‘賊軍’으로 자리매김 되어져 삿쵸(사츠마⋅쵸슈) 중심의 ‘勝者’집단으로부터 차별과 박해를 받아왔다. ‘미개한 지역’으로 소외되었고 출세의 길은 봉쇄되어 있었다. ‘메이지 유신’이 가져온 결과였다.
더욱이 도호쿠의 아이즈(会津)藩은 신정부군의 침략으로 참담한 박해를 받았다. 약탈과 강간과 살육을 당했을 뿐만 아니라, 항복한 후엔 혼슈(本州)의 北端 도나미(斗南)로 추방되어 ‘유배’생활을 겪었다. 그들의 삿쵸 중앙정권에 대한 원한과 분노는 쵸슈에 집중되어 현재까지 불식되지 않고 있다.
그러므로 도호쿠사람들은 메이지 유신 150주년을 맞이하여, 삿쵸측에 의해 만들어진 삿쵸史觀에 의해 과장되고 미화된 메이지유신을 재평가하고, ‘賊軍’지역으로 낙인찍혀 압박과 지배를 받게 된 보신전쟁 150주년으로 회고하는 계기로 삼고자 하였다.

영어초록

The year 2018 was ‘the 150th anniversary of the Meiji Restoration’ of 1868. Abe’s regime held a nationwide commemoration to cerebrate this occasion. The reason why Abe accentuated ‘the 150th anniversary of the Meiji Restoration’ is to use it actively to inspire patriotism and to implement a constitutional amendment, which he considers his life’s work, through strong national unity. There are some areas that actively respond to and participate in realizing this intention of Abe’s regime, such as Satsuma, Kagoshima Prefecture and Choshu, Yamaguchi Prefecture where the leading figures in the Meiji Restoration lived.
However, there is an area that has a negative view on ‘the 150th anniversary of the Meiji Restoration.’ It is the northeast province of Japan. Why do Japanese people in the northeast province take a passive and negative attitude toward ‘the 150th anniversary of the Meiji Restoration’? Why are they rather active and positive in the commemoration of ‘the 150th anniversary of the Boshin War’ named after Boshin, the sexagenary cycle of 1868.
The northeast province was involved and completely defeated in the Boshin War waged by the Meiji New Government Army. The people of the northeast province were stigmatized as a ‘rebel army,’ and discriminated against and persecuted by the ‘winner’ groups including Satcho. This province was alienated as an uncivilized area, and the road to success was blocked for the people of the province. These were the results of ‘the Meiji Restoration.’ In particular, Aizu Han in the northeast province was terribly persecuted with the invasion of the New Government Army. The people in that area were plundered, raped, and slaughtered, and even after surrender, they were ‘exiled’ to Tonami, the northern area of Honshu. Their resentment and anger toward the central government of Satcho was concentrated in Choshu and has not been overcome yet.
Thus, on the occasion of the 150th anniversary of the Meiji Restoration, the people of the northeast province intended to reevaluate the Meiji Restoration that was exaggerated and beautified by the Satcho’s historical view made by the Satcho, and to remember the 150th anniversary of the Meiji Restoration as the 150th anniversary of the Boshin War, which caused the province to be stigmatized as the ‘rebel army’ area thus being suppressed and ruled.

참고자료

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