조선조 불서 (佛書) 언해·사기 (私記) 와 탄허 현토역해 (懸吐譯解) 의 비교 고찰 (A Comparative Study on Unhae and Saki As Buddhist Scriptures of Joseon Period and Tanhuh Hyontoyeokhae)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국선학회
· 수록지 정보 : 禪學(선학) / 51호 / 197 ~ 223페이지
· 저자명 : 이상하

초록

한국 불교의 전통 교육과정에는 교재들이 있고, 이 교재들이 한국 불교의 기본서로서오랜 세월 한국 불교의 수행 지침이 되고 정체성을 규정하는 근거가 되어왔다. 이 교재들에는 각각 사기 (私記) 가 딸려 있고, 일부는 언해 (諺解) 가 있다. 사기와 언해는 우리학승들의 손에서 이루어진 것으로 매우 우수한 주석이요 번역이다. 그리고 20세기에들어와서 역경을 시작한 이후로 많은 불서 번역들이 나왔는데, 이 불서들의 번역은 주로 대중화에 초점을 맞추어 쉬운 한글을 쓰는 데 주력하여 원문의 뜻을 전달하는 데는 오히려 미흡하다.
근래 탄허 택성은 일찍이 이러한 문제점을 인식, 언해와 같이 토 (吐) 를 달고 직역하여많은 불서들을 현토하고 번역하였다. 사기의 주석도 꼭 필요한 곳에만 채택하여 간약하게 축약하고, 자기 견해를 주석으로 달기도 했다. 탄허는 문맥을 쉽게 파악할 수 있고 한자 지식이 조금 있는 사람이 사전을 참고하면 알 수 있게 번역하였다. 탄허는 전문 학인을 위한 교재를 만들고 싶어 하였고, 그 결과 오늘날 연구자에게 필요한 번역이 되었다.
지금 불서 뿐 아니라 불서가 인용된 한문은 오역이 이미 심각한 수준을 넘었다. 사교입선 (捨敎入禪) 하는 우리 전통의 우수한 불교는 그 정체성을 잃어가고 있다. 이제 우리나라 강원에서 사용된 교재 및 주요 불서들을 선정하여 직역에 의역을 가미하고 언해와 사기를 참고하여 충실한 주석을 다는 작업이 시급하다.

영어초록

There are three lessons in Korean traditional Buddhist curriculum and each lesson has textbooks . They are fundamental textbooks for Korean Buddhism , and directions and bases to define its identity . Each textbook is accompanied by Saki (私記, personal commentary ) , part of which is annotated .
Saki and Unhae (諺解, annotation ) were achieved by Korean learned monks . As the Traditional Culture Research Association developed a project to translate and annotate Confucian classic books , Sipsamgyongjooso (十三經注疏) which was annotated by Korean and Tang scholars is being translated . The translation of Confucian classic books was annotated in detail so that researchers can use it for their studies . The implications of important books can not properly understood only through simple translation into Korean . A number of Buddhist scriptures were annotated after the Korean script had been published . Prestigious monks including Sinmi , Hakyeol , Hakjo participated in the high - quality translation and annotation . Saki has a high academic value as it inherited results of a number of studies and research by learned monks who had studied in China since the Three Kingdoms Period .
A great number of Buddhist scriptures were published since Yongsung (龍 城, 1864∼1940) and Unhuh (耘虛, 1892~1980) had begun translating them in the 20 th century . The translation gave a focus on use of easy Korean languages for popularization . In particular , as Unhuh did not use Chinese characters for popularization as soon as possible he could , his translation was not suitable to deliver original meaning of the Buddhist scriptures . Tanhuh Taeksung (呑虛宅成, 1913~1983) realized the problem and translated them with annotation in Korean . His translation is easy to understand contexts and those who have some knowledge on Chinese writings can read them with the help of dictionaries . It fits for the present researchers . It is considered that his translation works as a strong bridge connecting the past to the present when Chinese writings are disappearing . However , it is sorry that his translated books ' values have been forgotten because of exclusive use of Korean language .
Tanhuh intended to publish textbooks for all the people as well as professional scholars to read . For that , he studied himself and was engaged in annotating Buddhist Scriptures that anyone could read easily . He annotated them simply only for what he considered it was necessary and it was thought that he might annotate his opinion .
Mistranslation of Chinese writings cited in the Buddhist Scriptures as well as Buddhist Scriptures themselves is very serious . Our outstanding Buddhism that embraced both Gyojong and Sunjong is losing its identity .
The responsibility lies on all of us . It is the time to translate basic Buddhist Scriptures so that researchers can use them for their studies .
First of all , it is important to select good annotated translation cases of textbooks and leading Buddhist Scriptures that were used in Gangwon .
Then , literal and free translation should be added and faithful annotation should be made through referring to cases of annotated translation of Confucian books by the Traditional Culture Research Association , Unhae and Saki .

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