목재 홍여하의 역사서 편찬과 고려사 인식 (Mokjae Hong Yeo－ha's Compilation of History and his Perception of the History of Goryeo)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사상사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국사상사학 / 43호 / 51 ~ 83페이지
· 저자명 : 도현철

초록

조선후기에 한국사 곧 『東史』 편찬이 많아지고, 그 가운데 『휘찬여사』의 고려시대 인식을 살펴보는 것이 본고의 목표였다.
조선후기는 정묘호란과 병자호란을 거치면서 청에 대한 복수 의식에 강했는데, 홍여하는 북벌운동을 반대하고 왕권 강화를 지지하면서 『彙纂麗史』와 『東國通鑑提綱』를 통하여 성리학적 역사관을 견지하였다.
『휘찬여사』에는 『高麗史』를 축약하여 재정리하였는데 특히 列傳에 대한 새로운 서술이 보인다. 『휘찬여사』에는 『고려사』에 없는 儒學･行人･文苑傳이 추가되었다. 유학전에는 우탁과 길재를 수록하였고, 역성혁명에 참여하지 않으면서 『고려사』에 없는 서견･이양중･김주 등을 추가하였다. 그리고 이색･정몽주 등 왕조 개창에 반대하거나 비협조적인 인물이 부각되었다.
『휘찬여사』에는 『고려사』 간신전에 있는 조민수･왕안덕･변안렬을 명신전에 수록하였다. 위 세 사람은 위화도 회군의 회군공신으로 명 황실에 대한 존중 의식을 보였는데, 17세기에 대명의리, 명 황실에 대한 의리를 존중하려는 뜻에서 이들을 높인 결과였다.
『휘찬여사』는 使者의 통칭인 行人傳을 두었다. 행인전에는 송･금･원･명에 다녀온 외교 활동을 9명의 사신이 수록되었다. 홍여하는 청에 대한 복수는 군사력 증강과 무력 응징에 의한 방법이 아니라 평화적인 외교 수단으로 활용하는 방법이어야 한다고 보았는데, 이를 반영하여 고려 역사에서 외교상의 使臣의 역할을 훌륭히 수행한 인물을 수록한 것이다.
『휘찬여사』에는 부록으로 外夷傳을 두어 거란과 일본을 서술하였다. 중국사에서 외국 열전을 설정한 것과 마찬가지로 우리나라도 외국전을 둠으로써 우리나라도 중심의 위치에서 주변국을 바라보는 인식을 보여준다.
『휘찬여사』는 조선후기의 주자학적 정치사상에 조응하여 절의와 외교 활동을 중시한 사서로 남인계 학자인 이익과 안정복 등의 사학사상으로 계승되어 갔다.

영어초록

Efforts to compile the history of Korea(""History of the East[東史]"") notably increased during the latter half period of the Joseon dynasty. Examined in this article is a particular part of such efforts, namely the Joseon historians' view upon the history of Goryeo, and especially a view that was reflected in a history book named 『Hwi'chan Yeo'sa(彙纂麗史)』, authored by Hong Yeo－ha.
The people who lived the days of the Joseon dynasty's latter half, were forced to go through two painful wars with both the Japanese and the Manchurians, and as a result grew a strong sense of vengefulness against the Manchurian Qing. But in such an overwhelming atmosphere, Hong Yeo－ha opposed the Northern Campaign movement, and instead argued that the reinforcement of the king's leadership should be the priority of the dynasty. And under the intention of promoting the Neo－Confucian historical view throughout the Joseon society, he authored 『Hwi'chan Yeo'sa』 and 『Dong'guk Tong'gam Je'gang(東國通鑑提綱)』.
In 『Hwi'chan Yeo'sa』, contents of the 『Goryeo History(高麗史)』 were quoted in an abbreviated fashion, but there were some 'new' writings inserted as well, particularly inside the “Biologies Section(列傳)."" Included in 『Hwi'chan Yeo'sa』 are sections that contain lives of particular groups of people, such as 'Confucian scholars(儒學),' 'diplomatic emissaries(行人),' and 'literary figures(文苑).' In the 'Confucian scholars' section, the lives of Wu Tak and Gil Jae are documented, and people like Seo Gyeon, Yi Yang－jung and Kim Ju, who did not participate in the revolution to found Joseon and were not included in the 『Goryeo History』, were included as well. Yi Saek and Jeong Mong－ju, who were against the idea of founding a new country and were not cooperative at all with the project, were highlighted here in this book as well.
In 『Hwi'chan Yeo'sa』, Jo Min－su, Wang An－deok and Byeon An－ryeol, who were all listed in the “heinous vassals"" chapter of 『Goryeo History』, were newly listed in the “honorable and acclaimed vassals"" chapter. These three people were recognized with their contributions to Yi Seong－gye's decision to return from Wi'hwa－do, and with the fact that they all displayed respects of the Ming royal family. They were perfect examples to be cited in the 17th century, when the government and intellectuals were trying to uphold Joseon's respect of Ming.
In the 'Diplomatic Emissaries' section of 『Hwi'chan Yeo'sa』, the lives of total of nine diplomats who were dispatched to Sung, Chin, Yuan and Ming are documented. Hong Yeo－ha believed that vengeance (against Qing) should be pursued with peaceful diplomatic negotiations, and not through further armament and war. So, he highlighted the lives of renowned officials who 'did just that,' during the Goryeo dynasty period.
There is a supplemental chapter for “foreign barbarians(外夷傳)"" in 『Hwi'chan Yeo'sa』, which contains the history of Khitans and Japan. Just like Chinese history books, 『Hwi'chan Yeo'sa』 reveals a point of view which perceived adjacent countries to be orbiting around the center of the world, the Korean peninsula.
『Hwi'chan Yeo'sa』 was a history book which portrayed loyalty and diplomatic efforts as very important values, and also reflected the Neo－Confucian political thinking of the latter half period of the Joseon dynasty. Such perspective was inherited to the Southerner party intellectuals, which included Yi Ik and An Jeong－bok.

참고자료

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