19세기 중반 중국의 쿨리무역(苦力貿易) (Chinese Coolie Trade in the Latter Half of 19th Century)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동양사학연구 / 142호 / 171 ~ 204페이지
· 저자명 : 정영구

초록

China got enveloped in enormous wave of emigration in 19th century. At first, Chniese went to Straits Settlements in South-East Asia. There was not only close to South China but already settled a lot of Chinese. in South-East Asia, There was always short of labor and many Chinese coolies wanted to got a job in overseas country. Therefore, the Credit-ticket system was made by emigration agent.
After opening Chinese five port, western capitalist who have experience about slavery trade go into China. They tried to take advantage of situations which Atlantic plantation need labors and Chinese was going abroad. They started business of emigration, tried to apply a contract-labor system what have operated in western, called “The indentured servants” in Amoy where is small city briskly going to overseas country.
But coolies who go to abroad preferred South-east Asia where large acquaintance have settled or preferred California and Sydney where have gold mine. So recruiting coolies in Amoy took a lot of doing. Further poor coolies could easily get used the credit-ticket system, nobody wanted to go to Atlantic plantation. Finally contract emigration to Atlantic plantation died to death and it was caused unbalance between demand and supply.
In this state, western capitalist conspire with Chinese coolie dealers who traffic in Chinese, coolie-trade emerged as a new emigration system.
This paper examined beginning point of coolie trade through checked various historic materials, reviewed the cause which coolie trade started in Amoy, and explained the reason why coolie trade continued for 30 years in spite of that it different from traditional emigration in Amoy.

영어초록

China got enveloped in enormous wave of emigration in 19th century. At first, Chniese went to Straits Settlements in South-East Asia. There was not only close to South China but already settled a lot of Chinese. in South-East Asia, There was always short of labor and many Chinese coolies wanted to got a job in overseas country. Therefore, the Credit-ticket system was made by emigration agent.
After opening Chinese five port, western capitalist who have experience about slavery trade go into China. They tried to take advantage of situations which Atlantic plantation need labors and Chinese was going abroad. They started business of emigration, tried to apply a contract-labor system what have operated in western, called “The indentured servants” in Amoy where is small city briskly going to overseas country.
But coolies who go to abroad preferred South-east Asia where large acquaintance have settled or preferred California and Sydney where have gold mine. So recruiting coolies in Amoy took a lot of doing. Further poor coolies could easily get used the credit-ticket system, nobody wanted to go to Atlantic plantation. Finally contract emigration to Atlantic plantation died to death and it was caused unbalance between demand and supply.
In this state, western capitalist conspire with Chinese coolie dealers who traffic in Chinese, coolie-trade emerged as a new emigration system.
This paper examined beginning point of coolie trade through checked various historic materials, reviewed the cause which coolie trade started in Amoy, and explained the reason why coolie trade continued for 30 years in spite of that it different from traditional emigration in Amoy.

참고자료

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