용비어천가 국문 가사와 한시의 성립 순서에 대하여 (On the Compositon Order of Korean songs and Chinese poetry in Yongbiŏch'ŏn'ga)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국고전번역원
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· 저자명 : 이근우

초록

이 글에서는 먼저 국문가사와 한시의 성립 순서를 둘러싼 논의과정을 살펴보고, 이어서 한시선작설의 문제점을 검토하고, 용비어천가의 한시가 갖는 특징을 통하여 국문가사와 한시의 관계를 확인해 보고자 하였다.
권제나 안지 등이 고려사 편찬과 같은 중책을 맡고 있었기 때문에 용비어천가의 국문가사를 지을 여유가 없었을 것이라는 견해는, 남수온과 같은 하급관료들이 실무를 담당하고 있었기 때문에 근거가 부족하다. 또한 그들이 새로운 문자를 가지고 국문가사를 짓기 어려웠을 것이라는 주장도, 복잡한 규정은 최항과 같이 문자 창제에 관여한 관리들의 도움을 받을 수 있었을 것이기 때문에 성립하기 어렵다.
또한 용비어천가의 한시는 압운이 대단히 불규칙하다. 권제가 지은 다른 한시를 보면 거의 대부분 정확하게 압운을 지키고 있으나, 용비어천가의 한시는 그렇지 않다. 만약 용비어천가의 한시를 먼저 지었다면 이런 일은 생기지 않았을 것이다. 국문가사가 먼저 지어졌기 때문에 그 내용에 맞추어 한시를 짓게 되면서 압운이 불규칙해 진 것으로 보는 편이 자연스럽다.
따라서 용비어천가의 서문 등에 분명하게 국문가사를 먼저 짓고 그 의미를 설명하기 위해서 한시를 지었다고 밝힌 내용을 부정할 근거를 찾을 수 없다.

영어초록

This article aims to make clear the order of compilation time between Korean song and Chinese poetry in Yongbiŏch'ŏn'ga(龍飛御天歌, Song of the Dragons Flying to Heaven). The popular opinion is that Chinese poetry preceded Korean song, judged by the general circumstance using Chinese character for writing and the heavy workload of authors like Kwŏn Che(權踶) and An Chi(安止).
But the increasing views of preceding Chinese poetry seem to be lacking of objective logical basis. First of all, the fact that the authors of Yongbiŏch'ŏn'ga had several office positions cannot be the inevitable obstacle to write Korean song. They were only the chief executive of works and the practical affairs like compiling History of Koryŏ Dynasty were conducted by lower class officers like Nam Su on. Secondly, although new Korean characters was not familiar with the authors, it was not impossible that they wrote Korean song with it. If necessary, they could get help from the lower officers like Choi Hang(崔恒). We must be cautious about the content of Korean song being more important than the media to express the content. The frequent usage of Chinese idiomatic expression can be explained by the general conditions of those days, not by the result of translating Chinese poetry into Korean song.
Chinese poetry rhymes regularly, especially at the last character of even rows. We can anticipate that Chinese poetry have the orderly format as refined literary work. But being contrary to our expectation, Chinese poetry of Yongbiŏch'ŏn'ga rhymes irregularly. In two paragraph with four lines verses, it is necessary to rhyme on every other line. But there are only 8th verses with regular rhymes from the 2nd verse to the 109th verse. If permitting the change of rhyme between the first paragraph and the second paragraph, 49th verses among 108th verses do not conform the rule of rhyme. Decisively, the words used in Korean song were occasionally altered in Chinese poetry to square the rhymes. If Chinese poetry were written in advance of Korean song, the words in the former could be used in the latter. The main cause of changing words seems to fit the rhyme in Chinese poetry during translating Korean song.
Consequentially, we do not have to doubt the definite utterance in the preface and postface of Yongbiŏch'ŏn'ga. They said repeatedly that Chinese poetry were made from the completed Korean song for translation.

참고자료

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