<쌍화점>의 공연 및 공연공간에 대하여 (A Study on Performance and Stage of Ssanghwajum)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국극예술학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국극예술연구 / 26호 / 13 ~ 39페이지
· 저자명 : 정갑준

초록

<쌍화점(雙花店)>은 4연으로 이루어진 고려속요(高麗俗謠)이다. 그 내용이 음란하여 만전춘별사(滿殿春別詞), 이상곡(履霜曲) 등과 더불어 남녀상열지사(男女相悅之詞)로 불렸음은 주지의 사실이다. 이 중 <쌍화점>을 주목하는 이유는 충렬왕 때 궁중에서 특정한 집단에 의해서, 그리고 충렬왕이 마련한 개인적인 장소에서 공연되었을 가능성이 있기 때문이다. 고려속요의 많은 작품들은 행신들의 채록(採錄)을 통해 궁중에 들어왔고, 기관의 기녀들에게 학습되어 연행되었다. <쌍화점>은 음란한 내용으로 인해 이러한 행사들에 연행되기는 어려운 고려속요였다. 그러나 오기 등의 간신배들의 충렬왕에게 아첨하려는 의도와 충렬왕의 향락을 좋아하는 성품이 맞물려 궁중에서 사적으로 연행될 수 있었다. <쌍화점>이 무용극이나 가극의 형태였는지는 확실하지 않지만, 어느 정도의 교육을 받은 전문적인 연행집단, 남장(男裝)이라고 부르는 별대(別隊)에 의해 공연되어진 것만을 사실이다. 이들은 국가의 공식적인 행사나 연회를 위해서 고려의 기관에 소속되어 있던 집단과는 달리, 충렬왕의 연락을 위해 전국에서 뽑혀온 기녀(妓女)들이었다. 그리고 <쌍화점>의 무대로 여겨졌던 향각(香閣)은 꽃구경을 겸한 연회의 장소로서 상설 무대는 아니라고 판단된다. <쌍화점>이 공연되었을 실제 장소는 향각 뒤, 그리고 수강궁에 설치되었던 장전(帳殿)이며, <쌍화점>과 다른 여악(女樂)들의 공연 장소였을 가능성이 크다. 장전이 가설물이므로 상설무대라고 말할 수는 없지만, <쌍화점>과 같은 작품들을 연행하기 위해 만들어진 특별한 공간임은 확실하다.

영어초록

Ssanghwajum is a Goryeo-sokkyo(高麗俗謠 : folk songs of at the age of Korea dynasty) which consists of four stanzas. It described sexual affairs, so it was said Namnyeo- sangryeolzisa(男女相悅之詞 : songs of stories of sexual contents) with Manjunchunbyeolsa and isanggok. I wrote a paper on Ssanghwajum because, in age of Korea dynasty, this text was performed by special group in palace. Many works of Goryeo-sokkyo were introduced by court to Korea palace through recording and they were performed by educated official dancing girls.
Ssanghwajum is hard to perform in palace because of its filthy contents. Oh-gi and his fellows wanted to played up to the King Chungryeol, so they performed Ssanghwajum in front of him. The King liked sexual stories. Thus Ssanghwajum was often performed in palace privately. It wasn't sure that Ssanghwajum was a kind of dancing-dramas or a kind of lyric-dramas, but it was sure that Ssanghwajum was performed by educated official dancing girls who were called Namjangbyeoldea, which means a special group of women, who wear man's clothes. At period of Korea dynasty, the nation had a organization which educated dancing and singing to gisaengs(妓生 : singing and dancing girls in a bar) and was in control of them. However Namjangbyeoldea didn't belong to this organization. They were selected from the whole country, and they performed Ssanghwajum in order to only The King's pleasure.
Hyanggak(香閣 : a structure of in palace) which once was considered as a Ssanghwajum's stage wasn't a permanent stage, but a kind of banquet halls which was often used as flower viewing. Actually Ssanghwajum was performed in Jangjun(帳殿: established a temporary palace) that was established behind Sugang-palace(which was a palace in Korea dynasty) and made of cloth. In this place, Yeo-ak(女樂 : music played by gisaengs) was also performed. Jangjun was a temporary so that wasn't a temporary palace but its special stage for performing of Yeo-ak such as Ssanghwajum.

참고자료

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