The Russo-Japanese War and the Crisis Diplomacy of Great Han Empire - connected with Yongampo Incident -

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초록

In this paper, I was noted that Great Han’s Emperor Gojong, who took directly or indirectly response measures surrounding Yongampo Lease Treaty and the Yalu Crisis before the Russo-Japanese War. Especially, I tried to reconsider Great Han Empire’s diplomatic activities from the viewpoint of the international relations. To do this, I focused on the background of 1st & 2nd Yongampo Lease Treaty and the Yalu Crisis. And it was linked to the Russo-Japanese negotiations from September 1903 to February 1904. For the next step, dealt with the multilateral diplomatic measures of Great Han Empire for preventing war. Finally, in this regard, tried to recast diplomatic activities of the Great Han Empire.
Before the war, the Emperor had detected that the war will occur. And he actively responded to Yongampo Incidents. It is clearly revealed that there was a crisis diplomacy of the Great Han Empire before the war. Faced with the Yalu Crisis, the Great Han Empire was ready to respond and take multilateral measures for preventing war and preserving peace. From August to October, the Great Han Empire intensively took measures. These can be classified broadly into four actions: Attempts to neutralize the Korean peninsula in wartime, Attempts related to the Kyungui railway concession, The initiative for opening the ports of the Yalu riverside, and Attempts to renegotiate the Yongampo lease treaty and require a separate negotiation between Russia and Japan about the Yongampo affairs.
But, these crises once again, had been changed by the new phase. On October 8, 1903, the Treaty of Trade and Commerce was signed by the Unites States, Japan and China. It was revealed that the treaty was working in conjunction with an Anglo-Japanese Alliance and the Open Door policy of United States. The opening of Andong and Mukden located in the Yalu area was a diplomatic shock and enough to irritate Russia. The opening of Manchuria was realized by the Treaty of Trade and Commerce. Then, the remaining problem was that the Yalu Issue needed a resolution. Therefore, the Yalu problem, so called korean problem was focused on the interests of western powers and the Yalu river issue has become international issues. Now, tensions between the interested parties came to a peak. To cope with this situation, Korea as well as Japan and Russia immediately responded.
Before the outbreak of war, Great Han’s Emperor Gojong has already known that negotiations between Russia and Japan were nothing but more than one procedure, and perceived that Japan was more aggressive than Russia. It was noticed that Gojong had been fully understood the international situation of Northeast Asia. And the diplomatic activities of Lee Bumjin also had been consisting of a larger framework to preventing war and preserving peace. In these points of view, he was in the center of diplomatic activities which the Emperor took measures for preventing war. It might be so called a kind of "Northern diplomacy" of Great Han Empire. But it could not be realized. The reason why was that Great Han Empire has been centered in a huge storm of imperialism.

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