중부서해안지역 신석기시대 주거와 취락구조의 변화 -인천 영종도 지역을 중심으로- (Changes in Dwellings and Settlements of the Neolithic Age in the Midwest Coastal Zone of South Korea -Focused on Yeongjong-do Area-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국신석기학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국신석기연구 / 33호 / 53 ~ 99페이지
· 저자명 : 김재선

초록

본고는 영종도 신석기 시대 취락유적을 대상으로 토기문양 양상, 주거지 구조, 방사성탄소연대 측정값, 주거지 배치양상을 분석하여 각 유적 내 동시기성 문제와 주거지 배치 및 점유 양상을 밝혀 이를 바탕으로 중부서해안지역 주거지 및 취락구조의 특성과 변화 양상을 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하였다.
중부서해안지역 주거지 구조는 대체로 Ⅰ기와 Ⅱ기는 주거지 규모와 평면형태에 있어서 차이가 있을 뿐 구조상에 있어서는 거의 차이점을 보이지 않는다. 그러나 Ⅲ기에 들어서면 중산동유적(한강)에서 보이듯이 전체적인 주거지 규모의 증가와 함께 위석식 노지의 등장, 다수의 주공이 확인되는 등 큰 폭의 변화가 확인된다.
중서부지역의 신석기취락은 기존에 Ⅰ기(전기후반), Ⅱ기(중기), Ⅲ기(후기) 각 분기별로 대규모 취락과 소규모 취락이 병존한 것으로 이해하였으나, 영종도 신석기시대 취락유적을 살펴본 결과 중부서해안지역은Ⅰ기와 Ⅱ기에 20기 내외의 주거지가 동시에 점유하는 대규모 취락이 형성되었고 Ⅲ기에 이르러 대규모 취락과 2~3기 및 1기의 주거지가 단독 입지하는 소규모 취락이 병존하며 점유하였음을 확인하였다.
취락 구조는Ⅰ기와 Ⅱ기 모두 수 기의 주거군이 밀집되어 분포하는 집촌의 형태에서 Ⅲ기에 주거군이 분산되어 입지하는 산촌 취락 형태로 변화하였으나 유적 내 주거군은 전 시기에 걸쳐 대형주거지를 중심으로 중소형 주거지가 배치되는 동일한 양상을 보이고 있음을 확인하였다.

영어초록

The purpose of this study is to investigate the special characteristics and the change aspects of the dwellings and the settlement structures in the Midwest coastal zone by revealing the problem of ruins formed throughout the whole age and the aspects of the arrangements and the captures of the dwellings by analyzing patterns of earthenware design, structures of dwellings, measured values of radiocarbon datings, and the distribution of dwellings with the settlement ruins from the Neolithic Age of the Yeongjongdo Island as subjects.
The aspects of the changes of dwelling structures in the Midwest coastal zone were understood by analyzing the plane formations of the dwellings, whether or not there are the large-sized and small-sized single facilities, the aspects of the arrangements of the pillar holes, and the sizes of the dwellings. Mostly, the aspects of the changes of the structures of Phase I and II showed no significant difference, merely differences with regard to the sizes of the dwellings and the plane formations. Although they nearly do not show any differences in terms of structures, during Phase III, wide-ranged differences are confirmed, including the appearance of the stone-lined hearth, and various postholes, etc., together with an increase in the dwelling scale, as seen in the Jungsan-dong ruins (the Han River).
Regarding the Neolithic Age settlements in the Midwest coastal zone, the previous researches understood that the large-sized settlements and the small-sized settlements coexist by each quarter of Phase I (The latter half of the former period), Phase II (The middle period), and Phase III (The latter period). However, as a result of investigating the settlement remains from the Neolithic Age of the Yeongjongdo Island, it was confirmed that, regarding the Midwest coastal zone, during Phase I and Phase II, the large-sized settlements in which around 20 dwellings captured had been formed, and, reaching III, the large-sized settlements and the small-sized settlements, in which the residential areas of Phase I, II, and III solely positioned themselves, had coexisted and had captured their shares. Although the settlement structure had changed from (Phase I and Phase II) agglomerated settlements, in which several dwelling groups from the few periods are concentrated and distributed, to the mountain village settlement form (Phase III), in which the dwelling groups are dispersed and positioned, it was confirmed that the residential groups within the ruins had an identical type to small- and mid-sized dwellings distributed around each large-sized dwelling throughout the whole period.

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