순조 후반 헌종 연간 정국과 정치세력의 동향 - 효명세자 대리청정 시기와 이후 『推案及鞫案』에 실린 사건을 중심으로 - (Political factions in King Sunjo’s later years, as well as King Heonjong’s reign - Examination of Crown Prince Hyo’myeong’s overseeing of the government and the following periods, through texts such a)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국민대학교 한국학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 한국학논총 / 54권 / 77 ~ 112페이지
· 저자명 : 김정자

초록

순조 1년 노론 외척 내 정순왕후 집안과 노론 벽파 내 심환지 계열이 연합한‘벽파정권’은 노론 외척 내 혜경궁 집안과 노론 시파, 소론 사도세자 추숭 세력, 남인 신서파 일부 세력을 정국에서 축출하는 ‘辛酉獄事’를 일으켰다. ‘권유 사건’ 과 ‘김달순 사건’ 이후, ‘丙寅更化’가 일어났다. ‘병인경화’는 노론 외척 내 혜경궁집안과 가순궁 집안, 순조비 집안과 노론 내 시파, 청론 세력, 벽파 내 일부 세력과 소론·남인 내 일부 세력의 연합에 의해 가능했다.
순조는 이들 세력을 調劑하며, 世臣과 世家를 안정시키고 保全하는 정국을운용했다. 효명세자는 대리청정 기간 노론 외척 내 세자빈 풍양 조문 세력과 ‘청론’과 ‘벽파’ 일부, 소론·남인 내 일부 세력을 정계에 진출시켰다.
이인부는 ‘右賢左戚’ 관련 상소로 일부 ‘청론’ 세력에게 논척 당했다. 이노근은노론 외척 양쪽 모두를 논척했다. 신의학은 정조의 의리 탕평에 반대했던 세력으로 김이재를 논척하고, ‘청론’ 이서구와 ‘벽파’ 심환지의 공과를 재평가해 주기를 요구했다. 효명세자는 일련의 상소와 사건의 배후가 될 수 있었던 양쪽 외척모두에게 처분을 내리고, ‘청론’과 ‘벽파’ 내 일부 세력, 소론·남인 내 일부 세력에게도 처분을 내리는 ‘이열치열’의 방식으로 정국을 운용했다.
효명세자가 죽자, 신윤록은 조병현·이지연을 논척하는 상소를 올렸고, 윤상도는 소론 세력을 논척하는 상소를 올렸다. 신윤록·윤상도 사건의 배후로 경주 김문 金魯敬이 유배를 당하지만, 김조순이 사망한 후 순조가 석방시킨다.
헌종 6년 순원왕후의 수렴청정 시기 김홍근이 윤상도 사건을 재론하였고, 그배후로 허성과 김양순, 김정희가 연루되었다. 더불어 이지연·이기연 형제가 유배 보내졌고, ‘벽파’계열의 김양순과 ‘청론’계열의 이지연이 사망하였다.

영어초록

In the first year of King Sunjo’s reign, the house of Queen Jeongsun, inside the Noron party’s in-law community, and the Shim Hwan-ji line affiliated with the Byeokpa faction within the Noron party, allied with each other to launch the so-called Byeokpa regime. Then leaders of that regime initiated the ‘Shin’yu-year Purge[辛酉獄事],’ which was meant to drive members of the Hyegyeong-gung house within the Noron in-law community, the Shipa faction of the Noron party, group of people inside the Soron party sworn to honor the late Crown prince Sado, and the ‘Shinseo’ pocket of the Southerners, all away from the government. Then, after the ‘Recommendation incident’ in the 2nd year of King Sunjo’s reign and the Kim Dal-sun scandal in the 5th, in the 6th year the so-called “Byeong’in-year Turnover” (“Byeong’in Gyeong’hwa, 丙寅更化”) occurred. This incident was enabled by an alliance between many parties: the Hyegyeong-gung house and the Gasun-gung house among the Noron party’s in-law groups, house of Sunjo’s queen and the Shipa faction within the Noron party, the Cheong’ron group, some people of the Byeokpa faction, and also some of the Soron and Southerner parties’ associates.
King Sunjo tried to regulate these factions, and respect the power of these influential officials and houses. From the 27th year and through the 30th of his reign, Crown prince Hyo’myeong, members of the Pung’yang Jo house (house of the Crown princess), some people of the Cheong’ron and Byeokpa factions, and those of the Soron and Southerners, all entered the government.
When Yi Yin-bu(李寅溥) submitted the ‘Wu’hyeon Jwa’cheok(右賢左戚, The Wise at the right and In-laws at the left)’ appeal to the king, Cheong’ron party members were enraged. Yi Roh-geun(李魯近) blamed both of the in-law factions within the Noron party. Shin Eui-hak(愼宜學) criticised Kim Ih-jae(金履載) as representing a party which was against late King Jeongjo’s righteous Tangpyeong cause, and called for the reinstatement of Yi Seo-gu (李書九) and Shim Hwan-ji(沈煥之)’s honor, who were both part of the Byeokpa party. Crown prince Hyo’myeong warned both of the aforementioned in-law factions as they would have probably been behind such series of critical appeals submitted to the king, and also sent messages to members of the Cheong’ron, Byeokpa, Soron and Southerners groups as well. His stance seems to have been that of ‘dealing with fire with fire(‘以熱 治熱’).’ When Crown prince Hyo’myeong died, Shin Yun-rok(申允祿) submitted an appeal criticising Jo Byeong-hyeon and Yi Ji-yeon, while Yun Sang-do(尹尙 度) submitted an appeal criticising the Soron party. Named as the culprit behind these appeals, Kim Roh-gyeong(金魯敬) of the Gyeongju Kim house was exiled, but after Kim Jo-sun died, King Sunjo released him from his exile.
In the 6th year of King Heonjong’s reign, when Queen Sun’weon was still overseeing the country, Kim Hong-geun requested review of the Yun Sang-do case, and people like Heo Seong, Kim Yang-sun and Kim Jeong-hi were implicated as conspirators behind that incident. The Andong Kim house exiled Yi Ji-yeon and Yi Gi-yeon brothers, in a campaign waged against all who were not siding with the Andong Kim house.

참고자료

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