『嶽麓秦簡』을 통하여 본 秦·漢初의 婚姻·奴婢·妻 (A study of The Slave, Marriage, and Wife from The Bamboo Slips of the Qin Dynasty Collected in Yuelu Academy)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 호서사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사와 담론 / 91호 / 179 ~ 220페이지
· 저자명 : 임병덕

초록

본고에서는 『嶽麓秦簡(參)』의 ‘識劫 案’과 『嶽麓秦簡(伍)』 001簡–008簡을 중심으로 주로 그동안 적지 않은 논의가 이뤄졌던 秦·漢初의 婚姻·奴婢·妻의 實態, 婚姻과 室人의 문제 등에 관한 논의를 진행하였다.
먼저 秦·漢初의 婚姻의 실태와 관련해서는 秦·漢初의 국가는 인민의 혼인 성립 자체에는 직접 관여하지 않았지만, 또한 국가에서 허용하지 않는 혼인을 제외하고 누구를 처로 할 것인가의 선택은 자유이지만, 혼인 후 室人의 변동에 대해서는 당연히 신고를 해야 한다고 보았다. 적어도 戶籍을 작성할 때에 妻는 당연히 가족구성원으로 登記되는 것이었다고 보았다.
秦·漢初의 노비와 관련하여 『嶽麓秦簡(參)』의 ‘識劫 案’에 보이는 隷를 중국학계에서는 노비를 뜻하는 隷로 보지 않고 있지만, 필자는 大夫 沛의 隷인 識은 노비임이 거의 확실하다고 보았다.
妻의 실태와 관련해서는 최근 발간된 『嶽麓秦簡(伍)』 001-008簡에 잘 나타나 있다. 『嶽麓秦簡(伍)』 001-008簡의 내용의 핵심은 과부가 姨夫를 들여서 발생하는 전남편 혹은 전남편의 자산에 손실을 입히는 것을 방지하기 위해 제정한 律令이라 할 수 있다. 이를 통하여 秦代의 가정의 재산권은 완전히 父와 子로 이어지는 父系에게 장악되어 있었음을 확실히 알 수 있게 되었고, 또한 국가권력에 의해 규정되어 강요된 가부장권의 실태를 명확히 이해할 수 있게 되었다.

영어초록

The data I want to discuss in The Cases7 ShiJieWanAn(識劫 案) of the Exemplary Qin Criminal Cases from The Bamboo Slips of the Qin Dynasty Collected in Yuelu Academy3 and number 001 to 008 of Yuelu Academy5. This article contains content that is very helpful in understanding the nature of the Qin Dynasty Society. Based on these data, I discussed on the matters of marriage, slaves, and wifes of Qin and Han. And discussed marriage report, and relation of marriage report and 室人(Shì rén) of Qin and Han. Shi(識) formerly was a menial of Pei(沛) and lived together with him in the same household. Three years ago Pei(沛) arranged a marriage for Shi(識); one years later, he bought a house for Shi(識) at a price of 5,000 cash, allotted him a horse and a rice field of 20 mu and separated him from his household. This content contains much of the main content that has been particularly controversial in many areas of Qin Han history.
First, In relation to the actual status of the marriage of Qin and Han, the Qin and Han Chinese regime did not directly participate in the formation of the people's marriage, but the choice of whom to take except marriage that is not allowed in the state is free, And the change of the person's room after the marriage should be declared as a matter of course.
The essence of The number 001 to 008 of The Bamboo Slips of the Qin Dynasty Collected in Yuelu Academy5 is the law which was established in order to prevent the widow from suffering damage to the assets of her ex-husband or ex-husband. Through this, it was emphasized that the property rights of family of Qin Dynasty were totally dominated by the paternal system leading to father and child, and that the mother who was married could not change the property of the house leading to father and son. The property rights of the Qin Dynasty family were completely taken over by the paternal system leading to the father and the child, and the mother who remarried can not change the property of the family leading to the father and son through the provision of “We can clearly understand the reality of patriarchal rights imposed and enforced by the state of China’s ancient wives and state power.”

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