군산 십이동파도선 출수 고려청자의 생산과 의미 (The Production and Meaning of Goryeo Celadon from the Sibidongpado Shipwreck, in Gunsan)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 호남고고학회
· 수록지 정보 : 호남고고학보 / 72권 / 388 ~ 419페이지
· 저자명 : 정보람

초록

群山 十二東波島 해저유적은 2003년 어민의 유물 발견신고로 세상에 알려졌다. 이후 2003년부터 2004년까지 긴급탐사와 수중 발굴조사 결과 고려시대 선박 1척과 청자·도기·금속류 등 8천여 점의 유물이 확인되었다. 그동안 십이동파도선에 관한 연구는 청자의 생산지와 제작 시기 추정에 국한된 경우가 많았으며 유물은 해남지역 지표조사 출토품으로 명확한 생산지로 상정하기에는 무리가 있었다. 또한, 고선박과 유물의 성격도 고려 조운제도 안에서의 종합적 분석은 이루어지지 않고, 막연히 조운과 관련된 것으로만 이해되어 왔다. 그러나 최근 해남지역 가마터 발굴조사가 활발히 이루어지며 가마 퇴적층의 규모와 출토유물의 상세한 특징이 뚜렷하게 드러나 십이동파도선 출수 청자 연구에 새로운 전환점이 되고 있다. 또한, 2007년 태안 대섬 수중 발굴조사를 시작으로 여러 해저유적에서 목간이 출수되어 조운선 운영과 관련된 새로운 근거 제시가 가능하게 되었다.
본 연구의 목적은 최근 새롭게 축적된 자료를 통해 기존의 군산 십이동파도선 출수 청자의 생산지와 제작 시기를 再考하는데 있다. 또한, 이를 바탕으로 십이동파도선의 성격과 출수품의 의미를 보다 종합적으로 재정리하였다.
연구결과 십이동파도선 청자의 생산지는 해남 진산리 74호와 진산리 20호를 중심으로 한 유사 계통의 가마이며 제작 시기는 12세기 1/4분기로 추정하였다. 또한, 십이동파도선은 발굴조사 양상과 다른 유적과의 비교를 통해 공물을 싣고 개성을 향해 오르던 운반선으로 보았으며 출수품은 초기청자에서 중기청자로 넘어가는 전환점 단계에 유통되던 청자로 볼 수 있다.

영어초록

The underwater archaeological site of Sibidongpado(十二東波島) Island, Gunsan(群山) was discovered by a fisherman in 2003. More than eight thousand cultural heritages including one ship of the Goryeo dynasty, celadons, earthenwares and metal objects were found from the emergent underwater investigation and exploration from 2003 to 2004. Recent studies of Sibidongpado Shipwreck were only focused and limited on the archaeological sites and period of celadon production. Also, it is hard to assume production sites by cultural heritages excavated from Haenam(海南) district. In addition, understanding of archaeological ship and cultural heritage characteristics were only conducted related to maritime transportation without integrated analysis of tribute maritime transportation system of Goryeo dynasty. However, the scale of the klin sites of sedimentary layer and specific details on the excavated objects were revealed out distinctly since the klin sites at Haenam were excavated actively, it becomes a new turning point on the studies of celadon from the Sibidongpado Shipwreck. Starting from the underwater excavations of Daeseom(대섬) at Taean(泰安) in 2007, the wooden document from underwater investigations made it possible to suggest new evidence related to the operation of tribute maritime transportation.
The study is purposed to reconsider the precedent studies on the klin production site and period of the celadon excavated from the underwater of Sibidongpado Shipwreck, Gunsan through newly collected data recently. Also, with these databases, the characteristics of the Sibidongpado Shipwreck and understanding of the excavated cultural heritage were summarized comprehensively.
Research results, this study presumed the features of the celadon from the Sibidongpado Shipwreck, Gunsan, production sites, and period were estimated by characteristics of the shipwreck as the tribute carrier by comparing with the excavated cultural heritage from the land and the ocean. The production sites of the celadon from the Sibidongpado Shipwreck were similar systems of klin sites of Jinsan-ri 74 and 20, Haenam, and its production period was estimated for the 1st quarter of the 12th century. In addition, it was seen that the Sibidongpado Shipwreck was the tribute carrier forwarded to Gaesung, and the excavated cultural heritages have the meaning of celadon distributed at the turning point from early celadon to middle celadon. This paper analyzed more systematically the celadon from the Sibidongpado Shipwreck, Gunsan than precedents studies which were not spotlighted due to the lacked material for study. This study is meaningful for verifying that the destination of the Sibidongpado Shipwreck was to carry the tribute by focusing on the excavation aspects. However, the comprehensive analysis was not made for the other underwater archaeological sites as it was performed for the only single underwater archaeological site. The anaㄴlysis on the chronology which can be suggested newly in the course of establishing the production is left as a task for further study.

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