조선시대 지상식 건물지의 편년과 변천 -경기남부지역 주거지를 중심으로- (Study of the Chronology and Changes of Above Ground Dwelling Structure of the Joseon Dynasty Period -Focused on Folk House Remains in South Gyeonggi Province-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 대구사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 대구사학 / 133권 / 235 ~ 277페이지
· 저자명 : 김용호

초록

본고에서는 경기남부지역의 민가유적 중 지상식 건물지 현황에 대해 정리 한 후, 시기변화가 간취되는 특징을 파악하였다. 도출되는 특징을 토대로 각 형식 간 편년을 시도하였고 취락유형과 그 특징을 분석하였다.
형식은 공간의 쓰임새에 따라 2가지로 대별되며 구들열의 부재, 평면형태 등 5가지로 세분된다. 단계설정은 2단계로 구분된다. 1단계는 조선시대 14C후반∼16C후반에 걸쳐 조성된 주거지(전기)로, 구릉의 정상부에서 하단부까지 고르게 분포하고 있다. 이 시기에는 지상식 건물지가 수혈식 주거지와 함께 공존하는데 유구의 조망권, 주거를 조성함에 드는 노동력, 출토유물의 질적 차이가 반영되는 등 신분 또는 재력, 나이에서 차등이 있었던 것으로 판단된다. 주거지 구조는 구들이 확인되는 생활공간과 연소부인 아궁이만 노출되는 정도이며 구들 내부에는 원형의 개자리와 단연도가 일반적이다. 구들을 설치함에 미숙함이 드러나 석재나 규모를 적게 하는 등의 방법으로 보완하고자 하였다. 2단계는 조선시대 16C후반∼19C이후에 걸쳐 조성된 주거지(중․후기)로, 입지는 1단계와 유사하나 별도의 토목공사나 공간을 점유하여 한층 발전된 모습을 보인다. 해당시기의 지상식 건물지는 구들이 매우 정교하게 설치되며 1단계에서 볼 수 없었던 횡방향의 개자리와 다연도 구조가 등장한다. 또한 주거지의 면적은 넓어짐에 따라 주생활공간 이외에 별도의 공간이 다양하게 확인된다. 취락의 유형은 총 3가지로 구분되는데 수혈주거지+A형식, B형식 공존, B3형식 단독으로 확인되었다. 이들의 취락은 주거지의 구조적변화가 반영된 결과로 이해되고 전란, 기후(저온화), 신분제의 붕괴에 따라 시기적으로 선호하는 취락유형이 확인된다.

영어초록

The above-ground dwelling of the Joseon Dynasty period has already been reported in a large number of remains since the 2000s, but since there are fewer individuals, and an examiner or reporter cannot clearly recognize the structure of the dwelling. Therefore, the author summarized the status of remains in the South Gyeonggi Province in this paper and assessed the characteristics by which changes of the times are perceived. Based on the characteristics drawn, this study attempted to chronicle each type and set up stages based on this. In addition, lastly, the types and characteristics of the settlement were analyzed.
The contents of the examination are summarized as follows: The above-ground dwelling of the Joseon Dynasty Period in the target place of research is classified into two types according to the use of the space, which is subdivided into five types according to the member of heating under hypocaust and plane form.
Type A is a type integrated with the space, where no spatial division separated by the slope or column is found in the form of the longitudinal section including the plane form of the dwelling. The difference between Type A1 and Type A2 is determined according to the member of heating under hypocaust, Type A1 used stone while Type A2 used a hard pan. It is judged that the main period of Type A began to appear in the late 14th century and continued to exist by the late 16th century according to the excavated relics or the result of a natural scientific analysis.
Type B is a type, separated from the space, and the division between main living space and secondary living space is clear in the plane form and longitudinal section form of dwelling. Type B is divided according to the plane form. It has various forms, e.g., Type B1 takes ‘日’-shaped planar form; Type B2 takes ‘呂’-shaped planar form; and Type B3 is divided by ‘room.’ The main period of Type B began to appear from the late 16th century and continued till the modern time since the 19th Century.
The stage is divided into 2 stages. Stage 1 is the early period, dwelling established the late 14th century through the late 16th century in the Joseon Dynasty Period, evenly distributed from higher part to lower part of the hills. During this period, the above-ground dwelling exists with pit dwelling, and since the viewing area of the remains, the labor force put in to set up the dwelling, and the qualitative differences of the relics in the dwelling were reflected, it is judged that there were differences in rank, wealth or age. It is judged that, for the structure of the dwelling, the living space in which a hypocaust is seen and the furnace, which is the combustion section are exposed, and in the hypocaust, there are mostly circular cavity and single flue. The inexperience in the installation of the hypocaust would be supplemented with stone or the method of reducing the scale. The type coming under Stage 1 is Type A, and the representative relics include Namsa (Agok), Yongin and Namyang-dong, Hwaseong.
Stage 2 is the middle and late period, dwelling the late 16th Century and 19th Century in the Joseon Dynasty Period. The location is similar to that in Stage 1 but shows more advancement by separate public works or occupation of space. In above-ground dwelling during the period, the hypocaust is installed very exquisitely, and transverse cavity and multiple flue structures appear, which could not be seen in Stage 1. In addition, as the area of the dwelling becomes wider, various separate spaces are found, in addition to the main living space. The type coming under Stage 2 is Type B, and the representative relics include Tap-dong and Jigok-dong, Osan and Gorim-dong, Yongin.
The type of the settlement is divided into three types, i.e., Pit dwelling+Type A, Type B coexistence and Type B3 alone. These settlements are understood as the results of structural changes broadly according to changes in cooking and heating equipment, and in addition, according to war, climate (temperature lowering) and the collapse of the caste system, types of settlement preferred in each period were identified.

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