5世紀後半 釜山式高杯의 變遷과 意味 (Study on the Busan style mounted dishes excavated in the tomb of the second half of the 5th century, Busan region.)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 부산광역시사편찬위원회
· 수록지 정보 : 항도부산 / 36호 / 99 ~ 132페이지
· 저자명 : 배효원

초록

부산지역은 5세기대 토기문화의 전환과정을 살펴 볼 수 있는 중요한 지역이다. 전대의 고식도질토기문화기부터 토기문화의 중심지로서 역할을 하였고, 400년에 촉발된 고구려군 남정 이후에도 신식도질토기의 출현 및 확산을 주도하였다. 또한, 황남대총남분으로 상징되는 신라의 영향력 하에서도 나름의 독자적인 토기문화를 형성하였다. 하지만 황남대총남분 이후, 신라토기가 지속적으로 확산되면서 토착 지역양식이 소멸하고 신라토기문화로 일변한다.
부산지역 토기의 연구는 5세기 전반대를 전후하여 활발히 이루어져 왔다. 특히 복천동고분군의 유물을 통한 편년이나 정체성의 연구가 주를 이루었다. 본고는 미흡한 부분이었던 5세기후반대의 토기를 분석대상으로 하였다. 우선 3단각교호투창고배의 속성분석을 통해 토기문화의 전개 양상을 파악하였고, 형식을 더욱 세분하여 살펴봄에 따라 5세기 후반대를 나눌 수 있는 획기를 분석하는 것에 초점을 두어 연구를 진행하였다.
5세기후반의 부산식고배로 명명된 각단이 내사향하며 凹면처리된 고배의 세부 속성분석을 하였으며, 기존에 관념적으로 행해오던 4분기법을 세분하여 그 획기를 설정할 수 있을만한 객관적인 자료를 제시할 수 있었다. 또한, 부산지역 토기문화를 황남대총남분 토기의 영향으로 생각하던 기존 인식과는 달리 5세기 3/4분기 전반대까지는 재지의 토기문화가 안정적으로 이어지고 있음을 확인하였다. 그리고 황남대총남분 토기의 영향을 받은 5세기 3/4분기 후반대 이후에도 신라토기문화의 영향 하에 재지 토기문화가 지속적으로 이어지고 있음을 확인하였다.
앞으로의 토기 연구를 통해 ‘교호투창고배=신라토기’라는 선입견과 3단각고배 → 2단각고배의 도식화된 형식변화에 대한 인식이 재고되는 계기가 되었으면 한다.

영어초록

Busan region is an important part to look into the changing aspects of the pottery culture of the 5th century. It was in the role of the center area of pottery culture from the period of early-style pottery(古式陶質土器). It led the appearance and spread of new-style pottery after the conquest of Kingdom of Goguryeo in 400 A.D., and formed its own pottery culture under the influence of Silla Dynasty, symbolized by the southern Mound of Hwangnamdaechong. However, Silla pottery had continued to spread since the southern mound of Hwangnamdaechong. Therefore, the indigenous type of pottery was destroyed and turned to Silla pottery culture.
After 5th century, the research which interpreted potteries as political purpose was conducted mainly about potteries of Bokcheon-dong tombs, and the incorporated period of Bokcheon-dong tombs into Silla. In addition, research of ancient tombs in Busan has also conducted due to the recent discovery of ancient Yeonsan-dong tombs. However, the previous research was conducted only in a certain period of time or certain tombs, it was difficult to grasp the whole view of the entire area and the study of earthenware culture which encompasses entire Busan area, is now unprecedented. The focus was on the pottery from the ancient tombs throughout Busan and the subjects of the study were limited to first half of the 5th centuries and inspected pottery culture in Busan.
Busan stlye mounted dishes in Busan area was spread around Bokcheon- dong tombs from the second quarter of the 5th century. It was also noted by confirming unique Busan style in each period. In the second part of advance stage in the late second quarter of the 5th century, the unique burial custom in Busan area were found such as Busan-style mounted dishes, the combination of pottery stand and jar, big jars around feet in Bokcheon-dong tombs. In the third part of advance stage in the third quarter of the 5th century, late 5th Busan style mounted dishes were buried as well. The burial custom was continued in Bokcheon-dong tombs. In the fourth part of advance stage in the fourth quarter of the 5th century, the main tombs were moved to Yeonsan-dong tombs, however, Busan style mounted dishes, called Yeonsan-dong style mounted pottery, was buried. Furthermore, earlier burial custom was continued to be centered around large tombs.
However, Silla pottery had continued to spread since the southern mound of Hwangnamdaechong. Therefore, the indigenous type of pottery was destroyed and turned to Silla pottery culture.

참고자료

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