육사와 청마 시에 나타난 아나키즘 연구 (Study on Anarchism in Poems of Yuksa and Cheongma)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국비평문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 비평문학 / 29호 / 123 ~ 155페이지
· 저자명 : 민명자

초록

Anarchistic thinking comes to rise into the surface of a society that looks for a new form of society because ideas on anarchism are based on ‘freedom, autonomy and nature." Anarchism has had a negative meaning that implies an ideology that deny the government ruling entity but authentic meaning of anarchism aims at autonomous mutual assistant community based on absolute freedom for harmony with nature. Anarchism challenges political power structure and inequality that oppress these ideas.
Anarchism that was introduced to South Korea through China and Japan in 1880 faces Japanese colonial era. For Korean who were under the Japanese imperialism, anarchism means subversion of colonial power and justifies anti-imperial fight by defining imperialism as the original oppressive power. That is, anarchism endows justification of resistance as an exit of national liberation.
This paper examines how these characteristics of anarchism are reflected in literature, specifically in poems of Yuksa Lee Wonrok and Cheongma Yu Chihwoan. This paper discusses Yuksa's 36 poems that he left for his very short time of life after he died in 1944 at the age of 41 as well as Cheongma's poems that were published before 1950's.
Yuksa and Cheongma both write about humans' absolute freedom that is one of the core points of anarchism. While Yuksa's poems are more close to socialistic anarchism, Cheongma's to individualistic anarchism. The former expresses revolutionary spirit, will, realistic criticism, resistant spirit, and construction of an ideal world that people can help each other as subjects. Meanwhile, the latter delineates primitive community based on original freedom by self-observation, Wu-wei and honest poverty and love of life. Yuksa's mutual assistant community are based on freedom and autonomy and Cheongma's primitive community, human's nature and wild freedom.
The way of Yuksa that challenge the power is described as a situation that he stands on 'a blade of a sword' in frozen soil like ‘needle ice' and Cheongma's is "silence' through self-examination of ‘compassion.' The two poets show difference viewpoints on the world and freedom, which is related to their autobiographical facts. Yuksa, as a member of Geukwuhooe that is a Japanese anarchist group mainly resisted Japanese government in China and arguing that 'for him, only actions are meaningful,' he appreciated revolutionary spirit very much. Cheongma accepts anarchism when he studied in Japan and are influenced by individualistic anarchism, which puts individuals over a group.
Generally, poets who advocate anarchism exclude symbolism and use everyday language to describe the reality as it is because in terms of principles of anarchism, for poets to hide their intentions on purpose by using symbols means creating another authority. However, since poems and metaphors are under unseparable relationship, it is impossible to read poems on anarchism without realizing symbols and metaphors. The two poets's poems partially express direct tendency but overall, use symbols and metaphors in many lines, which provides aesthetical success to them. This study has a limitation that it focuses on Cheongma's poems that were written before 1950's, so it does not examine his poetic change afterwards. I will do this in a later study.

영어초록

Anarchistic thinking comes to rise into the surface of a society that looks for a new form of society because ideas on anarchism are based on ‘freedom, autonomy and nature." Anarchism has had a negative meaning that implies an ideology that deny the government ruling entity but authentic meaning of anarchism aims at autonomous mutual assistant community based on absolute freedom for harmony with nature. Anarchism challenges political power structure and inequality that oppress these ideas.
Anarchism that was introduced to South Korea through China and Japan in 1880 faces Japanese colonial era. For Korean who were under the Japanese imperialism, anarchism means subversion of colonial power and justifies anti-imperial fight by defining imperialism as the original oppressive power. That is, anarchism endows justification of resistance as an exit of national liberation.
This paper examines how these characteristics of anarchism are reflected in literature, specifically in poems of Yuksa Lee Wonrok and Cheongma Yu Chihwoan. This paper discusses Yuksa's 36 poems that he left for his very short time of life after he died in 1944 at the age of 41 as well as Cheongma's poems that were published before 1950's.
Yuksa and Cheongma both write about humans' absolute freedom that is one of the core points of anarchism. While Yuksa's poems are more close to socialistic anarchism, Cheongma's to individualistic anarchism. The former expresses revolutionary spirit, will, realistic criticism, resistant spirit, and construction of an ideal world that people can help each other as subjects. Meanwhile, the latter delineates primitive community based on original freedom by self-observation, Wu-wei and honest poverty and love of life. Yuksa's mutual assistant community are based on freedom and autonomy and Cheongma's primitive community, human's nature and wild freedom.
The way of Yuksa that challenge the power is described as a situation that he stands on 'a blade of a sword' in frozen soil like ‘needle ice' and Cheongma's is "silence' through self-examination of ‘compassion.' The two poets show difference viewpoints on the world and freedom, which is related to their autobiographical facts. Yuksa, as a member of Geukwuhooe that is a Japanese anarchist group mainly resisted Japanese government in China and arguing that 'for him, only actions are meaningful,' he appreciated revolutionary spirit very much. Cheongma accepts anarchism when he studied in Japan and are influenced by individualistic anarchism, which puts individuals over a group.
Generally, poets who advocate anarchism exclude symbolism and use everyday language to describe the reality as it is because in terms of principles of anarchism, for poets to hide their intentions on purpose by using symbols means creating another authority. However, since poems and metaphors are under unseparable relationship, it is impossible to read poems on anarchism without realizing symbols and metaphors. The two poets's poems partially express direct tendency but overall, use symbols and metaphors in many lines, which provides aesthetical success to them. This study has a limitation that it focuses on Cheongma's poems that were written before 1950's, so it does not examine his poetic change afterwards. I will do this in a later study.

참고자료

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