1970~80년대 주거의 문화사와 아파트-스케이프의 다중적 로컬리티― 박완서 단편소설을 사례로 (Cultural History of Dwelling Space in the 1970-80s and Plurilocality of Apart-scape ― In the Case of Short Stories by Park Wan-suh)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 부산대학교 한국민족문화연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 로컬리티 인문학 / 18호 / 101 ~ 146페이지
· 저자명 : 정미선

초록

1970~80년대 주거의 문화사에서, 박완서 단편소설은 도시적 집의 표상인 ‘아파트’ 경관을 교차하는 중층적 장소감을 아파트-스케이프의 서사담론으로 축조한다. 당대 집에 대한 담론을 주도한 장소상실을 결론 아닌 질문으로 삼을 때 박완서 소설의 아파트-스케이프는 집의 이념에 대한 전적인 반향에 머무르지 않으며, 장소상실의 연원과 기제를 서사공간의 배치성과 공간 형상의 구축 전략을 통해 다변화한다는 특징이 있다. 이를 통해 소설은 계층 분할을 포괄하는 집의 이념의 내면화된 효력과 동시에 이와 대립하는 가치 표상을 대조화된 공간 구도를 통해 형상화함으로써 거주의 사회적 기억을 구성하는 충돌들을 서사화할 뿐 아니라, 아파트 경관에 세대와 젠더의 로컬적 시각을 기입하여 이상화된 집의 계보에서 아파트를 기존 배치에서 비가시화되었던 문제들이 전경화되는 공간으로서 세대별 여성의 삶의 조건을 가시화하는 매개체로 기능하게 한다. 따라서 박완서 소설의 아파트-스케이프는 주거의 문화사가 형성하는 공간적 질서의 계보에서 장소상실의 균질적 의미망으로 포획되지 않는 거주의 사회적 기억을 구체화한다는 점에서 주목할 만한 사례라 할 수 있다. 이는 주거의 문화사에서 장소감과 다중적 로컬리티의 논제에 주목할 필요성을 제기한다.

영어초록

Within the thesis of cultural history of dwelling space in 1970-80s, the narrative discourses on Park Wan-suh’s short stories construct the subject of multi-layer semantic network and sense of place of apartment landscape with ‘Apart-scape.’ in 1970-80s, Apartment were new representative model of urban dwelling space. Apartment is an interesting topic in two respects. First, it is frequently called as a typical representation of discourse in ideologizing dwelling within the 1970-80’s socio-cultural context. Second, as an actual place, apartment is concurrently an object of meaning where urban residents’ numerous experienced sense of place intersect. This article attempted to answer the hypothesis that ‘in apart-scape, the social memory of dwelling does not entirely remain in the reverberations of the idea of home,’ by altering placelessness, which has been referred to as the leading aspect of discourse on ‘home’, into a question rather than a conclusion in the process of interpreting the apartments in Park Wan-suh’s short stories.
In the short stories of Park, the spatial network of apartment is familiar with placelessness, but the origin of placelessness and the constituent mechanism of sense of place are quite different. They are divided by the differences in agencement—location, scale, and distance—constituting the narrative space of apartments and by the narrative strategies constructing the spatial figure. First, while the internalization of the idea of home encompassing all classes is presented in the short stories, a contrasting representation, namely the spatial composition made to contrast through poverty and barbarism, confronts the fictional order and narrativizes the clashes that constitute the social memory of dwelling. Secondly, what is more characteristic about the short stories is that, when the local perspective of generation and gender meet with an apartment figure, the apartment does not obediently inherit the genealogy from a ‘western-style house’ in the ordinary landscape of dwelling. here, ‘apartment’ fails to become a new symbol of the idealized home. As a space where problems which had been made invisible in the existing normal agencement are brought to the foreground, the apartments also serve as mediators that can visualize the conditions of life of women of each generation.
In this way, the apart-scape of Park Wan-suh’s short stories from the 1970-80s is a noteworthy paradigm in that it narrativizes the social memory of dwelling that cannot be simply captured with the homogeneous semantic network of placelessness in the genealogy of spatial order formed by the cultural history of dwelling space. At the same time, such a multi-layer scale of apartment representation suggests the need to take note of the subject of ‘sense of place’ and the variables of ‘plurilocality’ in the cultural history of dwelling.

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