《說文解字》中的“所”字結構

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초록

The “suo(所)” structure refers to the structure where a “suo(所)” or a “suo(所)+a preposition” combines with a predicative constituent. This paper surveys the “suo” structures in Shuo Wen Jie Zi(說文解字) revised by Xu Xuan, and analyzes their structure types and the characters of their syntax and semantic.
In Shuo Wen Jie Zi(說文解字), there are four structure types in the “suo(所)+VP” structures, where the “suo(所)” can extract the object, the location, the instrument, the reason or the way of a related VP, what's more, it can extract nothing. A “suo(所)+VP” structure is usually used as a predicate with some determination, but it can also be used as a noun attribute, an object or a subject.
There are only two structure types in the “suo(所)+a preposition+VP” structures, where the “suo(所)” extract the instrument in almost every example, and the structure is used as a predicate with some determination in most cases.
Comparing with other documents of Pre-Qin and Han dynasty, there are three charaters in the semantic and syntax of the “suo(所)” structure in Shuo Wen Jie Zi(說文解字), (1) the propotion of the “suo(所)” structures used as a predicate with some determination is large ; (2) the “suo(所)+a preposition” structure only has one type, i.e. “suo(所)+yi(以)” ; (3) the “suo(所)” in a “suo(所)+VP” structure extracts the location, the instrument, the reason or the way of the VP usually, and it can even extract nothing. The first two characters may have something to do with the style of Shuo Wen Jie Zi(說文解字), which is a dictionary about analyzing the meaning and the script of each character. The last character has something to do with the way of paraphrase of the “suo(所)” structures in Shuo Wen Jie Zi(說文解字).

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