James 1세 왕권신수설 형성의 정치적 배경 (The Political background of the Divine Right of Kings of James Ⅰ)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사교육학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사교육논집 / 38호 / 291 ~ 341페이지
· 저자명 : 강미경

초록

The Divine Right of Kings which served as the political ideology of absolute monarchy was asserted by many 17th century theorists. It was, however, James Ⅰ who made the theory most influential. Initially, the Divine Right of Kings of James Ⅰ was revealed in his two most famous books, the Trew Law of Free Monarchies and Basilikon Doron. However, his political theory was extended and elaborated in his later writings and addresses. The Divine Right of Kings of James Ⅰwas formed in Scotland, but it was elaborated in England.
The elements of James's political theory were various and made up through a long period. However, the main background that created the Divine Right of Kings of James Ⅰ was the Scottish political and religious challenge. The power of the nobility in Scotland were stronger than any European kingdoms. However, the biggest challenge came from the kirk. They had a belief that the regal power couldn't hold a candle to religious sphere, and that between the king and his men, there were a covenant, a sacred contract. If the king broke through the contract, he could encounter strong resistance. George Buchanan, James' teacher in the childhood, tried to infuse this ideology into the young king. It is this situation that made James to write the Trew Law of Free Monarchies and Basilikon Doron.
When James took the English crown, he had to face another challenge which came from the English parliament. The main part of the MPs shared the king and the parliament share power on the basis of the ancient constitution. With Edward Coke as the central figure, parliaments from lawyers denied James's idea of king's prerogatives including the right of feudal taxation. James Ⅰ regarded this denial as a serious challenge against the kings prerogatives. When he made a speech in the parliament, he argued that the right of kings shouldn't be controled by common law and that subjects deal with the privilege of kings fall on lese majesty.
The last challenge came from the Catholic circle. Over the issue of the Oath of Allegiance of 1606, James entered into a debate with the pope Pius V who asserted that he had the spiritual power to depose a king. However, in his tract Declaration du serenissime roy Jacques Ⅰ, James Ⅰargued that they could find no solid foundation for the right of deposing kings of the Pope in the Bible and any writings from ancient Father of the church. On the other hand, the earthly supremacy of kings have an biblical, theological, and historical evidence.
This demonstrates that his theory was not made up from his logical thinking but by the political and religious situations he faced. The Divine Right of Kings of James Ⅰwas continually developed and extended according to political and religious situation.

영어초록

The Divine Right of Kings which served as the political ideology of absolute monarchy was asserted by many 17th century theorists. It was, however, James Ⅰ who made the theory most influential. Initially, the Divine Right of Kings of James Ⅰ was revealed in his two most famous books, the Trew Law of Free Monarchies and Basilikon Doron. However, his political theory was extended and elaborated in his later writings and addresses. The Divine Right of Kings of James Ⅰwas formed in Scotland, but it was elaborated in England.
The elements of James's political theory were various and made up through a long period. However, the main background that created the Divine Right of Kings of James Ⅰ was the Scottish political and religious challenge. The power of the nobility in Scotland were stronger than any European kingdoms. However, the biggest challenge came from the kirk. They had a belief that the regal power couldn't hold a candle to religious sphere, and that between the king and his men, there were a covenant, a sacred contract. If the king broke through the contract, he could encounter strong resistance. George Buchanan, James' teacher in the childhood, tried to infuse this ideology into the young king. It is this situation that made James to write the Trew Law of Free Monarchies and Basilikon Doron.
When James took the English crown, he had to face another challenge which came from the English parliament. The main part of the MPs shared the king and the parliament share power on the basis of the ancient constitution. With Edward Coke as the central figure, parliaments from lawyers denied James's idea of king's prerogatives including the right of feudal taxation. James Ⅰ regarded this denial as a serious challenge against the kings prerogatives. When he made a speech in the parliament, he argued that the right of kings shouldn't be controled by common law and that subjects deal with the privilege of kings fall on lese majesty.
The last challenge came from the Catholic circle. Over the issue of the Oath of Allegiance of 1606, James entered into a debate with the pope Pius V who asserted that he had the spiritual power to depose a king. However, in his tract Declaration du serenissime roy Jacques Ⅰ, James Ⅰargued that they could find no solid foundation for the right of deposing kings of the Pope in the Bible and any writings from ancient Father of the church. On the other hand, the earthly supremacy of kings have an biblical, theological, and historical evidence.
This demonstrates that his theory was not made up from his logical thinking but by the political and religious situations he faced. The Divine Right of Kings of James Ⅰwas continually developed and extended according to political and religious situation.

참고자료

· 없음