Akutagawa award is one of the most representative literary awards for new figures in Japan. The four award winners of Korean residents are like below.
66th(later 1971) : HeeSung Lee, Dadumijil hanun Yuin 100th (later 1988) : YangJi, Yoohee 116th (later 1996) MiRi Yoo Gajok cinema 122th (later 1999) : Wull Hyun, Gunleu Jip
Four of these, writing their pieces in Japanese, are all Korean residents in Japan and win the award. This paper is to examine the each character of award-winning pieces and focus on how they could win the Japanese literary award with the pieces themselves and commentary.
Before “Dadumijil hanun Yuin”, HeeSung Lee was already nominated four times for the award so the judges are acquainted with him. One of the judges, Niwa Fumio commented “I’d ratheir like to give him the award with his other piece” and the other judge, Nakamura Machuo commented against the piece “With precious material, vivid characters and skilled writing, the piece seems to be written easily so that makes it look like even a failure.” But those who supported the piece all commented about its shaping of Korean feature in it.
“Dadumijil hanun Yuin” is a self-reflecting piece. The piece starts with the memory of mother who passed over when the main character was 9 years old. The characters consist of violent and bulky father, weak and kind mother, and two brothers who resemble the father and are good at wrestling with two sisters. This kind of family profile can be watched from his other piece. The mother died in the cesarean section operation. A lot of Korean living customs are found in the piece.
The mother of the narrator was an proactive woman who moved in Japan to earn money at the age of 18 and married to a Korean guy in the mining town. They had three children. The last time she visited hometown was 1939 and, during the visit, she brought her father and step-mother to Japan. She became miserable with conflicts between her husband and the two elderly parents. The grandmother got heart-stricken because of her step-daughter who died in just her forties.
The grandmother blamed Japan, calling it a “thief country”. Furthermore, there was a memory scene of his grandparents being rebuked by Japanese military polices because of their Korean outfit, Hanbok. Hanbok in this novel represents symbolic material of Korean identity and spirit. Thus, describing a month-long visit to Korea, he presented a piece of memory. The narrator's mother recalled her laundry experience with Dadumijil that is, she used to thumping on the dry clothes. When she crossed a small stream in her town, she felt as if she “saw white clothes of women, doing Dadumijil”. The narrator is the same person with the author and he recalled his memory with his mother, following her visit to her town. He remembers a bike-riding guy hit a child and white clothes of women by a stream. To be dressed up as a novel man, the clothes have to be done Dadumijil and ironed.
HeeSung Lee well symbolized Dadumijil like this and detested Kimono. The mother regretted a lot of her wrong costume, Kimono she wore when she go back to her town. The strong attachment to Hanbok is well represented in the scene of tearing Kimono into pieces after she went to hospital because of her husband's assault. When she asked the living condition in Korea, her father showed instant hostility with this remark. They (Japanese) sat a bridge on the stream to deliver backs of rice The surprising point is the piece that is for the Korean features and against the Japanese features like this got the Akutakawa award. The piece has strong taste of Korean ethnicity that describe Korean features as something warm, in contrary, Japanese features as something to be blamed.
Born in 1955, YangJi Lee used Japanese name, Danaka Yosie, given by her naturalized father until he went to Waseda University. She quitted the university in 1975 and turned to be an author, starting to use Korean name. When graduating Korean and Korean literature major in 1988 in Seoul National University, she won the award for ‘Yoohee’ and died of heart attack in 1992, the year she graduated the Ihwa choreography graduate school.
‘Yoohee’ that won the award after the four times of nomination has a strong self-reflective feature. The author had struggled to overcome his limit of language so took a Korean major in Seoul National University and learnt traditional choreography to learn Korean culture. YooHee, the main character of the novel, is also a Korean resident in Japan, studying in Korean university. The strength of the piece is its sophisticated description of YooHee’s internal conflict because of the ‘language’ and that's why the judges paid attention to the piece.
YooHee Lee is a third generation so felt Korean as a foreign language and Japanese as a mother tongue. The confusion of identity caused by this problem attracted some of the judges and distracted some of them at the same time. The commentary said that the language problem in the piece was the reason for support and opposition at the same time.
The narrator ‘I’ is Korean who stayed in her aunt’s house after her husband died and her daughter left to U.S. 'I' worked so her aunt kept a boarder, YooHee. The novel has a form of memory of ‘I’ who stayed YooHee, Korean resident in Japan who studied in S university for 6 months. The feature of this novel is its narrator ‘I’ who observed YooHee had a problem of maladjustment.
Just a semester before the graduation, YooHee went back to Japan, refusing dissuasion of ‘I’. She ended up only getting a desperate and distasteful impression from Korea. To avoid the life of her father who blamed Korean in all her life, she came to Korea, quitting the W university in Japan finally went back to Japan, giving up the Korean identity. Her mind was just completely that of Japanese that might reflect those of Korean residents in Japan today. She cried in the midnight, drinking alcohol. She wrote a memo such as, “I am a hypocrite.”, “I can’t love my country”. Those might reflect the author's own agony.
Particulary, Yoohee got hurt a lot from I’s pointing out of her Korean proficiency. ‘I’ just recommended not reading only Japanese books in Korea. She couldn’t accept it and said her to let her be alone. The maladjustment problem caused her to blame herself because she didn’t have enough Korean proficiency even though she thought herself as a Korean.
Her distaste for Korea leads her to dislike Korean. The author graduated Korean literature major in Seoul National University and YooHee did come to the Korean university to study the language, too. The reason of her distaste was her ignorance about the language. It is uncomfortable and awkward because she is not used to it.
The climax of the novel is in the bus. She burst into tears because of the high volume of radio, crowed bus and the salesperson of portable knife. Very common to Korean people, this scene is, but she couldn’t stand the cultural differences, such as the crowded bus, high volume, and tough driving. She went back to Japan like an escape. Born as a Korean, she wanted to “find out her place in her people with the same blood.” but couldn’t make it. She couldn’t overcome the barrier of the language. She finally despaired of the language.
‘YooHee’ described a Korean resident in Japan who tried to be a Korean who finally failed, telling that it is hard to be accustomed to the fatherland without having the proficiency of the language.
8 years After Yangji Lee, MiRi Lee’s ‘Gajok Cinema’ won the award. The piece didn’t have the problem of ‘identity of a Korean resident in Japan.’ Rather, it has a universal theme but a little bit unrealistic theme become controversial for the judges. The main feature of the piece is its theoretical structure like the judge, Miura Techuo said “It makes me feel as if I’m watching a stage.”‘Family cinema’ is about a family, consisting of the parents and 3 siblings. They were offered to make ‘a innovative documentary movie that goes beyond the frontier’ from a director, gathering after 20 years of separation. It reveals how they were separated, the father who failed to run Pachingko, the mother who had an plastic surgery at her breast to live with a young lover, the first daughter who was florist and became a nude model for a old sculpture (narrator), the second daughter who was a CM extra and became a Pornography actress and the least son who just enjoys tennis. They just pretended as a happy family in front of a camera and had a serious problem. The reason they were separated is the fact that they just hurt each other when they gathered together.
They do some hypocritical act in front of a camera but don’t have any real family love but a few of worry and pity. They are just strangers to each other. The symbol of the relationship is the relationship of Motomi, the main character, and Fucami, the old sculpture. After her proposal was passed in the meeting, she met Fucami who was interested in taking photos of her hips. She allowed him to do that and become a nude model. He clanged to her hips but never asked her to have a sexual relationship or touch. Their relationship looked more like a family. The situation is like Japanese custom that the whole family uses the common bath in order or mixed bath. They have a dry feeling at the relationship of her family and Fucami. The five members avoid getting together because they don't want to fight, Fucami just want to fantasize Motomi’s hips and never ask her a sexual relationship.
The national identity didn't matter much. Rather, the miserable family history mattered a lot. Dismemberment and fragmentation of the family as a component of the society become a serious social problem for the Japanese as a whole. The search for the problem in the piece was awarded in the Akutakawa award.
Wull Hyun, born in 1965, said that the identity problem was already over in his generation. That is, that ‘mission’ or obsession is over for him and his contemporary authors. After the award, in the preface of his translated novel set, Gunleu Jip, in Korea, he clearly remarked that he is not familiar with Korean culture and his mother tongue is Japanese. He is 10 years younger than Yangji Lee and has the same opinion.
In contrary to the fact, Yangji Lee felf a huge burden of her nationality and writing novel in Japanese, he said his mission is to write a novel that reaches “universality of the human being beyond nations and peoples.” He is from Osaka and the background of the novel is a factious Korean residential area that has about 200 barracks in the eastern Osaka with the size of 9875 square yards.
The main character Subang is an 75 year old man who lost his right arm in the Pacific war as a Japanese soldier. The Korean residents there strengthened their community spirit by supporting an amateur baseball team but the other side of the novel, there was Nagayama(Korean) who rules over the place with violence. The woman who deceived the loan club was lynched by the other people and the cheese worker who did robbery was taken off his flesh in the hips by his colleagues. The piece is full of violence. Nagayama’s violence went over to rape Saeki, the social wellfair agent, who care for Subang. The piece described vividly violence in the Korean back alley in Japan. The spatial background doesn’t become a main feature.
Ishihara Shintro severely criticized ‘Family cinema’ and the piece, too. As Japanese, he could feel uncomfortable to listen to what Korean resident authors are talking about their attitude towards Korean residents. The marketing remark in his criticism is an evident of Japanese tiresome of talking about the Korea-Japan relationship. He defined Gunleu Jip as a custom novel and retired from the judge, saying that there is nothing that deserves him. The rest of the judges praised his vivid description.
The piece dealt a lot with Korean resident problem and the Korean states such as, Vietnam Korean army deployment. Dakamoto, a friend of Subang, a internal medicine specialist, remarked about the post-war compensation problem and for the last part of the novel, there was a political issue, such as Chinese union construction and deconstruction of it by the police. Miri Yoo searched for the dismemberment problem of Japan and he got the award for the search of “the human nature and the violent nature of human, caused by discontinued human relationship today.” Anyways, he writes novels, relatively freely from the self-identity problem and emphasizes the human universality and the violent nature of the human being.
영어초록
Akutagawa award is one of the most representative literary awards for new figures in Japan. The four award winners of Korean residents are like below.
66th(later 1971) : HeeSung Lee, Dadumijil hanun Yuin 100th (later 1988) : YangJi, Yoohee 116th (later 1996) MiRi Yoo Gajok cinema 122th (later 1999) : Wull Hyun, Gunleu Jip
Four of these, writing their pieces in Japanese, are all Korean residents in Japan and win the award. This paper is to examine the each character of award-winning pieces and focus on how they could win the Japanese literary award with the pieces themselves and commentary.
Before “Dadumijil hanun Yuin”, HeeSung Lee was already nominated four times for the award so the judges are acquainted with him. One of the judges, Niwa Fumio commented “I’d ratheir like to give him the award with his other piece” and the other judge, Nakamura Machuo commented against the piece “With precious material, vivid characters and skilled writing, the piece seems to be written easily so that makes it look like even a failure.” But those who supported the piece all commented about its shaping of Korean feature in it.
“Dadumijil hanun Yuin” is a self-reflecting piece. The piece starts with the memory of mother who passed over when the main character was 9 years old. The characters consist of violent and bulky father, weak and kind mother, and two brothers who resemble the father and are good at wrestling with two sisters. This kind of family profile can be watched from his other piece. The mother died in the cesarean section operation. A lot of Korean living customs are found in the piece.
The mother of the narrator was an proactive woman who moved in Japan to earn money at the age of 18 and married to a Korean guy in the mining town. They had three children. The last time she visited hometown was 1939 and, during the visit, she brought her father and step-mother to Japan. She became miserable with conflicts between her husband and the two elderly parents. The grandmother got heart-stricken because of her step-daughter who died in just her forties.
The grandmother blamed Japan, calling it a “thief country”. Furthermore, there was a memory scene of his grandparents being rebuked by Japanese military polices because of their Korean outfit, Hanbok. Hanbok in this novel represents symbolic material of Korean identity and spirit. Thus, describing a month-long visit to Korea, he presented a piece of memory. The narrator's mother recalled her laundry experience with Dadumijil that is, she used to thumping on the dry clothes. When she crossed a small stream in her town, she felt as if she “saw white clothes of women, doing Dadumijil”. The narrator is the same person with the author and he recalled his memory with his mother, following her visit to her town. He remembers a bike-riding guy hit a child and white clothes of women by a stream. To be dressed up as a novel man, the clothes have to be done Dadumijil and ironed.
HeeSung Lee well symbolized Dadumijil like this and detested Kimono. The mother regretted a lot of her wrong costume, Kimono she wore when she go back to her town. The strong attachment to Hanbok is well represented in the scene of tearing Kimono into pieces after she went to hospital because of her husband's assault. When she asked the living condition in Korea, her father showed instant hostility with this remark. They (Japanese) sat a bridge on the stream to deliver backs of rice The surprising point is the piece that is for the Korean features and against the Japanese features like this got the Akutakawa award. The piece has strong taste of Korean ethnicity that describe Korean features as something warm, in contrary, Japanese features as something to be blamed.
Born in 1955, YangJi Lee used Japanese name, Danaka Yosie, given by her naturalized father until he went to Waseda University. She quitted the university in 1975 and turned to be an author, starting to use Korean name. When graduating Korean and Korean literature major in 1988 in Seoul National University, she won the award for ‘Yoohee’ and died of heart attack in 1992, the year she graduated the Ihwa choreography graduate school.
‘Yoohee’ that won the award after the four times of nomination has a strong self-reflective feature. The author had struggled to overcome his limit of language so took a Korean major in Seoul National University and learnt traditional choreography to learn Korean culture. YooHee, the main character of the novel, is also a Korean resident in Japan, studying in Korean university. The strength of the piece is its sophisticated description of YooHee’s internal conflict because of the ‘language’ and that's why the judges paid attention to the piece.
YooHee Lee is a third generation so felt Korean as a foreign language and Japanese as a mother tongue. The confusion of identity caused by this problem attracted some of the judges and distracted some of them at the same time. The commentary said that the language problem in the piece was the reason for support and opposition at the same time.
The narrator ‘I’ is Korean who stayed in her aunt’s house after her husband died and her daughter left to U.S. 'I' worked so her aunt kept a boarder, YooHee. The novel has a form of memory of ‘I’ who stayed YooHee, Korean resident in Japan who studied in S university for 6 months. The feature of this novel is its narrator ‘I’ who observed YooHee had a problem of maladjustment.
Just a semester before the graduation, YooHee went back to Japan, refusing dissuasion of ‘I’. She ended up only getting a desperate and distasteful impression from Korea. To avoid the life of her father who blamed Korean in all her life, she came to Korea, quitting the W university in Japan finally went back to Japan, giving up the Korean identity. Her mind was just completely that of Japanese that might reflect those of Korean residents in Japan today. She cried in the midnight, drinking alcohol. She wrote a memo such as, “I am a hypocrite.”, “I can’t love my country”. Those might reflect the author's own agony.
Particulary, Yoohee got hurt a lot from I’s pointing out of her Korean proficiency. ‘I’ just recommended not reading only Japanese books in Korea. She couldn’t accept it and said her to let her be alone. The maladjustment problem caused her to blame herself because she didn’t have enough Korean proficiency even though she thought herself as a Korean.
Her distaste for Korea leads her to dislike Korean. The author graduated Korean literature major in Seoul National University and YooHee did come to the Korean university to study the language, too. The reason of her distaste was her ignorance about the language. It is uncomfortable and awkward because she is not used to it.
The climax of the novel is in the bus. She burst into tears because of the high volume of radio, crowed bus and the salesperson of portable knife. Very common to Korean people, this scene is, but she couldn’t stand the cultural differences, such as the crowded bus, high volume, and tough driving. She went back to Japan like an escape. Born as a Korean, she wanted to “find out her place in her people with the same blood.” but couldn’t make it. She couldn’t overcome the barrier of the language. She finally despaired of the language.
‘YooHee’ described a Korean resident in Japan who tried to be a Korean who finally failed, telling that it is hard to be accustomed to the fatherland without having the proficiency of the language.
8 years After Yangji Lee, MiRi Lee’s ‘Gajok Cinema’ won the award. The piece didn’t have the problem of ‘identity of a Korean resident in Japan.’ Rather, it has a universal theme but a little bit unrealistic theme become controversial for the judges. The main feature of the piece is its theoretical structure like the judge, Miura Techuo said “It makes me feel as if I’m watching a stage.”‘Family cinema’ is about a family, consisting of the parents and 3 siblings. They were offered to make ‘a innovative documentary movie that goes beyond the frontier’ from a director, gathering after 20 years of separation. It reveals how they were separated, the father who failed to run Pachingko, the mother who had an plastic surgery at her breast to live with a young lover, the first daughter who was florist and became a nude model for a old sculpture (narrator), the second daughter who was a CM extra and became a Pornography actress and the least son who just enjoys tennis. They just pretended as a happy family in front of a camera and had a serious problem. The reason they were separated is the fact that they just hurt each other when they gathered together.
They do some hypocritical act in front of a camera but don’t have any real family love but a few of worry and pity. They are just strangers to each other. The symbol of the relationship is the relationship of Motomi, the main character, and Fucami, the old sculpture. After her proposal was passed in the meeting, she met Fucami who was interested in taking photos of her hips. She allowed him to do that and become a nude model. He clanged to her hips but never asked her to have a sexual relationship or touch. Their relationship looked more like a family. The situation is like Japanese custom that the whole family uses the common bath in order or mixed bath. They have a dry feeling at the relationship of her family and Fucami. The five members avoid getting together because they don't want to fight, Fucami just want to fantasize Motomi’s hips and never ask her a sexual relationship.
The national identity didn't matter much. Rather, the miserable family history mattered a lot. Dismemberment and fragmentation of the family as a component of the society become a serious social problem for the Japanese as a whole. The search for the problem in the piece was awarded in the Akutakawa award.
Wull Hyun, born in 1965, said that the identity problem was already over in his generation. That is, that ‘mission’ or obsession is over for him and his contemporary authors. After the award, in the preface of his translated novel set, Gunleu Jip, in Korea, he clearly remarked that he is not familiar with Korean culture and his mother tongue is Japanese. He is 10 years younger than Yangji Lee and has the same opinion.
In contrary to the fact, Yangji Lee felf a huge burden of her nationality and writing novel in Japanese, he said his mission is to write a novel that reaches “universality of the human being beyond nations and peoples.” He is from Osaka and the background of the novel is a factious Korean residential area that has about 200 barracks in the eastern Osaka with the size of 9875 square yards.
The main character Subang is an 75 year old man who lost his right arm in the Pacific war as a Japanese soldier. The Korean residents there strengthened their community spirit by supporting an amateur baseball team but the other side of the novel, there was Nagayama(Korean) who rules over the place with violence. The woman who deceived the loan club was lynched by the other people and the cheese worker who did robbery was taken off his flesh in the hips by his colleagues. The piece is full of violence. Nagayama’s violence went over to rape Saeki, the social wellfair agent, who care for Subang. The piece described vividly violence in the Korean back alley in Japan. The spatial background doesn’t become a main feature.
Ishihara Shintro severely criticized ‘Family cinema’ and the piece, too. As Japanese, he could feel uncomfortable to listen to what Korean resident authors are talking about their attitude towards Korean residents. The marketing remark in his criticism is an evident of Japanese tiresome of talking about the Korea-Japan relationship. He defined Gunleu Jip as a custom novel and retired from the judge, saying that there is nothing that deserves him. The rest of the judges praised his vivid description.
The piece dealt a lot with Korean resident problem and the Korean states such as, Vietnam Korean army deployment. Dakamoto, a friend of Subang, a internal medicine specialist, remarked about the post-war compensation problem and for the last part of the novel, there was a political issue, such as Chinese union construction and deconstruction of it by the police. Miri Yoo searched for the dismemberment problem of Japan and he got the award for the search of “the human nature and the violent nature of human, caused by discontinued human relationship today.” Anyways, he writes novels, relatively freely from the self-identity problem and emphasizes the human universality and the violent nature of the human being.
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