조선후기 순교승 환성지안과 통도사 (Hwansungjian and Tongdosa Temple of Martyrs in the Late Joseon Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국선학회
· 수록지 정보 : 禪學(선학) / 63호 / 5 ~ 37페이지
· 저자명 : 황인규

초록

환성 지안(喚醒 志安,1664-1729)은 청허 휴정의 문도 편양의 계보를 잇는 고승이다. 그의 문중에서 통도사 물론이고 대다수 본산 사찰에서도 주지로 선출되고 있다.
본고에서 새롭게 찾은 환성의 행적은 다음과 같다. 『산중일기』에 의하면 환성은 1686 년(23세) 7월에서 이듬해인 1687년 1월경 설제와 운밀에게 속리산 대암암에서 수행하였다. 1704년(41세) 지리산 벽송사에서 머물면서 전각을 중창하였고 1710년(47세) 쌍계사에 서 『심경략소연주기회편(心經略䟽連珠記會編))』를 교정하는 데에 참여하였다. 1715년(52세) 봄에 통도사에서 환성과 호암이 「근차환성호암양선사유운(謹次喚惺虎岩兩先師遺韻)」 라는 전각 현판을 남기고 있다. 환성은 1719년(56세) 3월경 통도사 백련암에 주석한 후1721년(58세) 구례 화엄사에서 『수월도량공화불사여환빈주몽중문답』 간행 불사에 시주하였다. 그리고 1724년(61세) 10월 순천 동화사를 중창하고 1725년(62세) 금산 금산사화엄법회를 개최하였다. 환성은 1728년(65세) 6-8월경 통도사 부세를 견감하는 견역을하면서 말년에 통도사에 머물고 있다. 이처럼 환성은 3차례 이상 통도사에 주석하였던것이다. 통도사 견역 불사 후 금산사 화엄법회건으로 무고를 받아 풀려났다가 1729년(66세) 제주에 유배되어 순교하였다.
환성은 1697년(숙종 23) 장길산의 난에 연루된 월저 도안과 도영, 풍열, 설제도 금산사화엄법회건으로 다시 무고를 받았다. 상월의 법손 혜암 윤장도 1785년 선암사에서 무고를 받았는데 윤장은 환성이 되살아난 것이라는 평을 받았다. 환성은 고려말 나옹 이후 조선초 행호, 조선중기 허응으로 이어지는 조선의 3대 순교승이었다.

영어초록

Buddhist monk Hwanseong Jian (1664-1729) was a high priest who lived during the period of the suppression of Buddhism through King Hyeonjong and King Sukjong in the early reign of King Yeongjo. Most of the books he left behind are "The Book of Hwanseong Poetry", "Seonmun Ohjongganggyo", and books written by his student Hamwol Hae-won and inscriptions written by Hong Gye-hee, a literary man. There are few traces of Tongdosa Temple in Hwanseong's official annals, inscriptions, and books.
Monk Hwanseong was born in Chuncheon on June 10, 1664, and was killed on July 7, 1729. In 1678, at the age of 15, he became a disciple of Monk Sangbong of Yongmunsan Mountain in Yangpyeong and performed it to Monk Seolje in 1680. According to the book, from July 1686 to January 1687, he was taught by monk Seolje and alumni Unmil at Daeamam Hermitage in Songnisan Mountain. In 1690, under the direction of monk Mowoun, a Buddhist meeting related to Hwaeomjong was held at Jikjisa Temple in Geumje, and in 1704, it was rebuilt while staying at Byeoksongsa Temple in Jirisan Mountain.Monk Hwanseong probably stayed at Daeheungsa Temple. His pen name was called Samyak, and he is enshrined as an important monk of Daeheungsa Temple. Ssanggyesa Temple repaired the Simgyeong Yakso Banquet in 1710, and Cheongpyeongsa Temple in Chuncheon was rebuilt in 1711. He stayed at Songnisan Mountain for a while and headed to Geumgangsan Mountain in 1714. In the spring of 1715, Monk Hwanseong and his disciple Hoam left a record of the building in Tongdosa Temple.
According to the annual report, it was annotated at Jeongyangsa Temple in Geumgangsan Mountain in July 1717. In March 1719, Baekryeonam of Tongdosa Temple was annotated, and in 1721, "Suwoldoryang Republican Buddhist Temple Yeo Hwan-bin Jumongdap" was published by Hwaeomsa Temple in Gurye. In October 1724, Donghwasa Temple in Suncheon was rebuilt, and in 1725, the Hwaeomjong Law of Geumsansa Temple in Gimje was held. In August 1728, he spent his last year at Tongdosa Temple and made efforts to reduce the amount of labor imposed on Tongdosa Temple. He was indicted and imprisoned for holding a Buddhist rally at Geumsansa Temple in Gimje, but was exiled to Jeju in 1729 and martyred on July 7.
His martyrdom was due to the oppression of the Buddhist community in the late Joseon Dynasty. In 1661 (the 2nd year of King Hyeonjong's reign), a Buddhist monk in Baekgok (1617-1680) appealed against King Hyeonjong's policy of suppressing Buddhism.
In addition, Woljeodoan (1638-1715), a monk who was active during King Sukjong's reign, was also suppressed and involved in Jeongchukoksa Temple in 1697 (23rd year of King Sukjong). The group included monks Doyoung, Pungyeol, and Seolje, who are close to cheers.
It is said that the cheers of the monk were revived when Monk Hyeam Yoonjang, a descendant of Monk Sangwol, was released from prison in 1785.
In response to the oppression of these monks,Jeong Yak-yong pointed out the case of Monk Hwanseong and his third generation grandchildren.
In this way, Haengho, a monk in the early Joseon Dynasty, Heo Eung-bo, a monk in the mid-Joseon Dynasty, and Hwanseong, a monk in the late Joseon Dynasty, were martyred in Jeju. I want to see them as three martyrs of the Joseon Dynasty.

참고자료

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