고려후기 사대부 민사평의 일상과 교유 (Daily Life and Personal Relationship of Min Sapyung, a Nobleman during the Late Goryeo Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 사학연구 / 128호 / 147 ~ 178페이지
· 저자명 : 김난옥

초록

민사평은 충선왕대 ‘宰相之宗’인 여흥민씨 가문의 일원으로서 閔頔과 김방경의 손녀 김씨 사이에서 출생하였다. 어려서 어머니를 여의고 조부인 閔宗儒 슬하에서 성장하였는데, 20세에 김륜의 딸과 혼인하였다. 민종유와 김륜은 심왕옹립에 강력하게 반대했던 인물로서, 兩家는 명문이면서도 정치적인 성향도 유사했다. 민사평의 무남독녀 역시 김방경의 증손과 혼인함으로써, 민사평 가문은 김방경 가문과 중첩되는 혼인관계를 맺었다. 또한 민사평은 座主인 李瑱의 가문과도 혼인으로 얽혀 있었다.
민사평의 딸은 평생 친정에서 부모를 모시고 살았으며, 외손 역시 외가에서 生長하였다. 솔서혼 習俗으로 인해 처가나 외가와 돈독했던 상황이 민사평 가문에서도 잘 드러난다. 이후 민사평이 처가의 매장지에 묻힌 사실도 고려후기 族墳이 부계 중심으로 형성되지 않았음을 보여준다. 이와 같은 고려후기 非父系的인 특징은 민사평의 모계친이나 처족에 대한 지칭어가 父系와 구분되지 않았다는 데에서도 찾을 수 있다.
민사평은 충숙왕 2년에 급제한 후 학문에 전념하다가 元都에 억류되었던 충숙왕이 고려로 귀환한 이후 藝文․春秋修撰․左正言 등에 제수되면서 본격적인 관료로서의 길을 걷게 되었다. 충숙왕과 충혜왕의 重祚 시기에도 민사평은 승진을 거듭하였으며, 특히 諫官職과 政曹 등의 청요직을 두루 거쳤다. 충정왕대에는 국왕의 師傅로서 원나라에 시종한 공로로 協贊功臣에 책봉되었고, 都僉議叅理를 거쳐 贊成事에 올랐다. 다만 공민왕 즉위 후에는 官界를 떠났는데, 충정왕의 측근세력을 배척하는 과정과 연계된 것으로 판단된다.
민사평의 詩文에는 고려후기 사대부의 일상도 드러난다. 同年과 座主의 교유, 妻系親과의 친밀한 관계, 원나라 세력가와의 교유 뿐만 아니라 지방의 풍토와 도탄에 빠진 민생에 대한 인식도 엿 볼 수 있다.
민사평은 급제 이후와 공민왕대를 제외하고는 충숙왕대부터 충정왕대까지 별다른 정치적 좌절을 맛보지 않고 승승장구하였다. 그가 교유나 관직생활에서 존중받으며 남부럽지 않은 삶을 이어나갈 수 있었던 일차적인 배경은 학식과 능력이었지만, 명문가문의 일원이라는 출신과 그와 맞물린 인적관계 역시 중요한 원인으로 작용하였다.

영어초록

Min Sapyung was a member of Yeoheung Min family, a prestigious jaesangjijong (a family that produced generations of high-ranking officials) from the late Goryeo dynasty, and was born to Min Jeok and the granddaughter of Kim Banggyeong. He was bereaved of his mother when young, raised by the grandfather Min Jongyu, and married the daughter of Kim Ryun when he was 20. Min Jongyu and Kim Ryun both strongly opposed to enthroning of King Shimyang; they came from prestigious families that shared a similar political view.
The daughter of Min Sapyung lived with her parents throughout her life, and her daughter also grew up in the grandparents’ house. Solseohon (matrilocal residence) was widespread during the Goryeo dynasty whereby families forged a strong bond with relatives on mothers' side, as is shown in the case of Min Sapyung’s family as well. When he died, he was buried at a cemetery for his wife’s family, and this indicates that jokbun (family graveyard) was not centered around the paternal line in the late Goryeo dynasty. The non-paternal oriented characteristics of that period are also observed in that the terms that indicated Min Sapyung’s families on mother's or wife's side were not different from those that indicated his families on father’s side.
After passing a state examination in the second year of King Chungsuk’s reign, Min Sapyung devoted himself to academic learning. Then he began his career as a government official when he was appointed as jwajeongeon (左正言) after King Chungsuk was released from the capital city of Yuan Dynasty and returned to Goryeo. During the reign of King Chungsuk and the reign of the reinstated King Chunghye, Min Sapyung was promoted and appointed at important posts termed cheongyojik (淸要職). He was acknowledged as a mentor to King Chungjeong, and he took positions of docheomeuichamri (都僉議叅理) and chanseongsa (贊成事). After King Gongmin was enthroned, Min Sapyung left the government as people close to King Chungjeong were excluded from key positions.
His poems and proses describe daily life of noblemen in late Goryeo Dynasty in detail. Exchanges with dongnyun (同年) and jwaju (座主), close relationships with the wife's family are well observed. His writing also illustrates his relationship with various other people, characteristics of different regions and lives of people.
Since passing the state examination, Min Sapyung had a successful political career between the reign of King Chungsuk and King Chungjeong without much frustration except for the period of King Gongmin. Primarily, he could lead a respected life in both personal realm and political career as government official due to his outstanding academic knowledge and capabilities, but his background as having come from a prestigious family and a consequent strong human network also played an important part.

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