보편사적 문화사의 전망-볼테르의 『국민들의 습속과 정신론』 (The Prospect of Cultural History as Universal History: Voltaire’s Essai sur les moeurs et l’esprit des nations)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국서양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 서양사론 / 115호 / 263 ~ 287페이지
· 저자명 : 장세룡

초록

In Essai sur les moeurs et l’esprit des nations Voltaire’s art of history (deployed by aspects of the language of Renaissance Humanism) aggregated knowledge well-informed of the facts of the vast characters and events in history. It accomplished this through the reconfiguration of the scientific method. It gives priority to modern history and a philosophical reinterpretation of secular and universal history. Considering secular universal history, Bossuet’s Discours sur l’histoire universlle..., lacks information on and analyses by the limits of historical knowledge. It is blamed in the name of error and mistake, and is a product of the search for specific facts and the transfer of knowledge. Its contents comprise geographical knowledge, the political and religious history of Europe, and the global anthropological knowledge about Blacks, Jews, Chinese, Arabs,etc., described diachronically. In this regard, this writing is pioneering examples of the described methodology of a newly emerged global history. Features of this writing are not limited to political and religious topics. By applying the notion of mores and spirits, they expand the horizons of history into social and cultural history. This approach explains the diversity of political and religious conflicts and struggles plagued by moderns, It also shows the causes of the accomplishments of culture: poetry, literature, science and the arts. In addition, this was selected for the philosophical interpretation of history as a way of recognizing the relative value of historical facts.
Voltaire’s philosophy of history critiques by various angles Christianity as a source of contemporary social contradiction. The critique is from the perspective of combined humanitarianism and the naturalistic rationalism of the Enlightenment. Specifically, Voltaire applies these views to Jewish and Chinese realities. From the Voltaire’s view, Jewish belief incorporates universal human rights but represents an anti-thesis to justice and tolerance. Meanwhile, beliefs acknowledge the Enlightened the role of the monarchy as not based on the progress of reason but the universal principles of natural law by Confucian bureaucrats and the Emperor who realizes paternalism. This viewpoint was invoked in the process of the pursuit of social reform by contemporary French society. The reform was brought about as an implementation of the stability of the law and the virtues of politics as a tool of political ethics.

영어초록

In Essai sur les moeurs et l’esprit des nations Voltaire’s art of history (deployed by aspects of the language of Renaissance Humanism) aggregated knowledge well-informed of the facts of the vast characters and events in history. It accomplished this through the reconfiguration of the scientific method. It gives priority to modern history and a philosophical reinterpretation of secular and universal history. Considering secular universal history, Bossuet’s Discours sur l’histoire universlle..., lacks information on and analyses by the limits of historical knowledge. It is blamed in the name of error and mistake, and is a product of the search for specific facts and the transfer of knowledge. Its contents comprise geographical knowledge, the political and religious history of Europe, and the global anthropological knowledge about Blacks, Jews, Chinese, Arabs,etc., described diachronically. In this regard, this writing is pioneering examples of the described methodology of a newly emerged global history. Features of this writing are not limited to political and religious topics. By applying the notion of mores and spirits, they expand the horizons of history into social and cultural history. This approach explains the diversity of political and religious conflicts and struggles plagued by moderns, It also shows the causes of the accomplishments of culture: poetry, literature, science and the arts. In addition, this was selected for the philosophical interpretation of history as a way of recognizing the relative value of historical facts.
Voltaire’s philosophy of history critiques by various angles Christianity as a source of contemporary social contradiction. The critique is from the perspective of combined humanitarianism and the naturalistic rationalism of the Enlightenment. Specifically, Voltaire applies these views to Jewish and Chinese realities. From the Voltaire’s view, Jewish belief incorporates universal human rights but represents an anti-thesis to justice and tolerance. Meanwhile, beliefs acknowledge the Enlightened the role of the monarchy as not based on the progress of reason but the universal principles of natural law by Confucian bureaucrats and the Emperor who realizes paternalism. This viewpoint was invoked in the process of the pursuit of social reform by contemporary French society. The reform was brought about as an implementation of the stability of the law and the virtues of politics as a tool of political ethics.

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