19세기 전반 충청도 지역 지방통치와 사회문제 연구 －1833년 암행어사 황협의 『繡行紀事』 분석을 중심으로－ (Local ruling and social issues of the Chungcheong-do province area, in the early half of the 19th century －Examination of the 『Suhaeng Gisa/繡行紀事』 Memoir, created by Hwang Hyeob who served as a Royal s)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국역사민속학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사민속학 / 26호 / 141 ~ 171페이지
· 저자명 : 심재우

초록

본고는 1833년 충청도 지역에 파견된 암행어사 황협이 남긴 『繡行紀事』 자료의 분석을 통해 19세
기 전반 이 지역 지방관의 실태와 사회문제를 살펴보고, 이에 대한 정부의 대응책을 검토하는 것이
목적이다. 이를 위해 먼저 순조대 암행어사 파견의 특징을 살펴보고, 황협의 보고서가 처리되는 과정
을 추적하였다. 분석 내용은 대략 다음과 같다.
첫째, 순조대에는 재위 35년간 총 56회의 암행어사가 파견되었으며, 특히 三南 지역은 대체로 어
사가 5년에 한 번씩 정기적으로 파견되었다.
둘째, 1833년에는 모두 4명의 암행어사가 지방에 파견되었으며, 충청도의 경우 좌도와 우도 두 곳
에 파견되었다. 우도에 파견된 암행어사 황협은 약 5개월간에 걸쳐 조사한 염탐 자료를 書啓ㆍ別單
의 형태로 조정에 보고하였다.
셋째, 황협이 제출한 서계ㆍ별단을 통해 당시 이 지역 수령통치, 사회문제의 실상을 확인할 수 있
었다. 19세기 전반 다른 지역에서와 마찬가지로 부세 제도 운영의 문란, 지방관의 비리, 지역의 특수
한 폐단 등이 확인되었다.
넷째, 정부는 황협의 보고를 토대로 비리 지방관의 처벌, 사회문제의 개선책 등을 내놓았다. 이를
통해 볼 때 전체적으로 이 시기 국가 기구의 위기관리 시스템은 작동하고 있었다고 볼 수 있다. 다만
지방관의 징계 효과가 크지 않았고, 제반 문제에 대한 근본적인 제도 개혁 조치를 마련하지 못한 점
은 정부 대응책의 한계로 지적할 수 있다.

영어초록

In this article, the 『Suhaeng Gisa/繡行紀事』 Memoir created by Hwang Hyeob, who was dispatched to the Chungcheong-do province area in 1833 as a Royal secret commissioner, is examined. By doing so, the status of the local officials who functioned as administrators in this region during the early 19th century, the nature of social problems and issues that were considered relevant by the residents in this region at the time, and the government's response to those problems and how they addressed the issues, are all analyzed here as well. First of all, the overall characteristics that the fashion of royal secret commissioner dispatching exhibited during the reign of King Sunjo is examined, and then how Hwang Hyeob’s report was processed through channels, is examined as well. Results of the analyses are as follow. First, during the 35 years of the reign of King Sunjo, Royal secret commissioners were dispatched for total of 56 times, and to the three major provinces in the peninsula’s Southern region, commissioners were dispatched on a regular basis, with a 5-year interval.
Second, in the year 1833, total of 4 Royal secret commissioners were dispatched to local areas, and to the Chungcheong-do province, commissioners were dispatched to both the Jwado(left section) and Udo(right section) sub-provinces. Hwang Hyeob was dispatched to the Udo sub-province as a Royal secret commissioner, and later he filed a report in the form of Seogyae/書啓 and Byeoldan/別單, which contained all the data he had gathered for roughly 5 months, and sent it to the government.
Third, through the Seogyae and Byeoldan reports submitted to the government by Hwang Hyeob, we can identify the Suryeong prefects’ ruling fashion in the region, and the issues that were deemed relevant by the people at the time. The region was experiencing many difficulties and problems that were quite similar to those which troubled other regions as well in the early 19th century, such as the disorder and breakdown of the taxation system, or corruption of the local administrators. Also, aside from those problems, the region Hwang Hyeob visited was being troubled by a fair share of its own unique problems as well.
Fourth, after receiving Hwang Hyeob’s report, the government endeavored to address the situation by punishing corrupted local officials and devising plans to resolve social issues. We can say that the government’s management system of national problems was indeed working. Yet the effect of punishing local officials did not last very long, and fundamental reforms of administrative institutions were never attempted. Such aspects show that the government failed to deal with the national problems from a broader perspective.

참고자료

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