一次大戰 직후 綿業 不況과 華商紗廠聯合會 (The Roles of the Chinese Cotton Millowner’s Association in Response to the Recession in the Cotton Textile Industry after the First World War)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 중앙대학교 중앙사학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 중앙사론 / 46호 / 589 ~ 623페이지
· 저자명 : 김지환

초록

第一次世界大戰爆發后中國工業經濟取得空前發展機會.因爲歐洲各國面對世界大戰把主要生産設備轉爲集中軍需品生産,所以以往中國棉製品需給當中占有絶大比重的從歐洲進口的棉製品迅速減少.這還引起棉製品需給不平衡,導致供不應求.藉此棉製品價格很快上漲,各紗廠取得了空前利潤,進而繼續擴大生産設備.然而大戰結束后戰時繁榮也很快結束,而中國經濟出現全般蕭條.隨卽紗廠收益轉換虧損.終戰后原料棉花不足自然引起紗廠生産成本提高,但棉紗價格却轉下降.這就是‘棉貴紗賤’,就代表終戰后紡織工業面臨的經營危機.
爲了保護工業經濟,中國政府早就千方百計試圖恢復關稅自主權,以便實施關稅改訂,提高進口稅率,藉此保護民族工業.面對中國政府的關稅改訂,日本紡織工業以同業公會則日本紡績連合會爲中心集中力量,積極要求日本政府跟中國政府交涉取消關稅改訂.若不得不同意中國關稅改訂,還要求免除中國棉花出口稅.中國關稅改訂無疑成爲日本綿製品對中國出口的沉重打擊.因此要求免除中國棉花出口稅,以便確保低價原料棉花.
日本紡績連合會通過日本政府强迫中國政府採納日本紡織工業方面的要求以實施免除棉花出口稅.對此,中國棉業界感到需要組織代表自新利益的同業公會卽華商紗廠聯合會.華商紗廠聯合會成立后積極維護紡織業界的利益,積極要求政府迅速實施關稅改訂,再也不接收日本政府的免除棉花出口稅要求.在說,華商紗廠聯合會主導全國紗廠一起參加實行百分之二十五相當的減産以便沮止棉製品價格下降,回復出售價格.同時還積極强調擴大棉田面積以便下降原料棉花價格,藉此維護紗廠利潤.不僅如此通過指導紗廠經營,擴大植棉面積,發刊『華商紗廠聯合會季刊』等刊行物等先導中國紡織工業的發展.

영어초록

The Chinese Cotton Millowner’s Association (CCMA) was established in 1918 as an important partnership group for the cotton textile industry, which was China’s greatest industry. The CCMA played a crucial role in protecting the interests of the entire textile industry and leading its development. The background for the establishment of the CCMA was the epoch-making development of the Chinese cotton textile industry during the First World War, which was a golden era of Chinese industrial development. However, against this backdrop, Japan insisted that the Chinese government set lower import tariffs on cotton products to reflect the demand from the Japanese cotton textile industry. To be able to respond to this, the Chinese cotton textile industry needed to strengthen its partnership capabilities beyond associations between individual companies, to promote the interests of the industry in the process of planning and implementing national economic policies. This describes the key factors that led to the establishment of the CCMA.
In addition, after the First World War, the CCMA recognized the vulnerability and limitations of the textile industry that had seen such enormous development because of the wartime boom and actively pushed ahead with measures to resolve post-war depression. These measures included improving the internal management of the CCMA and making changes in its production structure. The most important change was that the CCMA led improvements in management by diversifying and gentrifying products, to move away from a concentration on the production of moderate-to-lower-grade goods and from mutual competition. To summarize, the CCMA actively coped with the post-war depression and led the development of the industry by seeking changes in its production structure.

참고자료

· 없음