現代日本語における「ソレハ」の非指示用法について (The non-referential usage of 'sorewa' in Contemporary Japanese)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국일본어교육학회
· 수록지 정보 : 日本語敎育 / 110권 / 119 ~ 134페이지
· 저자명 : 전자연

초록

本稿では、現代日本語の「ソレハ」が本来の指示詞ではなく、副詞や感動詞として働く＜非指示用法＞の場合を取り上げ、その形式的特徴と文法的な意味・機能について考察を行った。以下にその結果をまとめる。
(1)「ソレハ」の非指示用法には、＜副詞用法＞と＜感動詞用法＞が見られる。前者の＜副詞用法＞は、文法的な意味・機能の観点からさらに＜程度副詞用法＞と＜陳述副詞用法＞に分けて考えることができる。＜程度副詞用法＞では、「それは」「そりゃ」「それはそれは」のような形式が用いられる。状態性の述語の直前にきて、その程度の甚だしさを表す要素として働く。しかし、単なる程度の強調ではなく、過去の経験に基づいた話し手の評価が加わっている。そのため、感慨や慨嘆のような話し手の感情が表される。
(2)＜陳述副詞用法＞では、「それは」「そりゃ」「それはもう」「それはまあ」のような形が用いられる。会話文でしか用いられないので、「そりゃあ」「それは…」のような音声的特徴を表す異形態も多く見られる。文のなかで「ソレハ」と対応する述語を特定することは難しくて、構文的位置が比較的に自由であり、文末にくることもある。専ら文の陳述的な側面に関わり、文に示された事態を当然視する話し手の態度を表す。その態度が相手に向けられた場合は、相手の発話に対する積極的な肯定を表すようになり、肯定の受け答えの＜感動詞用法＞に繋がると思われる。

영어초록

This paper examines the non-referential usage of the Japanese expression "sore wa" in contemporary Japanese, which functions not as a demonstrative but as an adverb or interjection. The findings are summarized as follows:
(1) The non-referential usage of "sore wa" can be divided into two types: <adverbial usage> and <interjectional usage>. Based on its grammatical meaning and function, the former can be further categorized into <degree adverbial usage> and <stance adverbial usage>. In <degree adverbial usage>, forms such as "sore wa," "sorya," and "sore wa sore wa" are used. These typically occur before a predicate that expresses a degree and function to indicate the intensity of that degree. However, this is not merely an emphasis on degree; it also reflects the speaker’s evaluation based on experience.
(2) In < stance adverbial usage>, forms like "sore wa," "sorya," "sore wa mou," and "sore wa maa" are used. These are primarily found in spoken conversation, with variations such as "soryaa" or "sore wa..." reflecting phonetic characteristics. It is difficult to pinpoint a specific predicate that corresponds to "sore wa" in these constructions, and its syntactic position is relatively free, often occurring at the end of the sentence. This usage is mainly related to the declarative aspect of a sentence, reflecting the speaker's assumption that the situation presented is self-evident. When directed at the interlocutor, this attitude expresses a strong affirmation, which is thought to lead to the <interjectional usage> of responding affirmatively to the interlocutor’s statements.

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