범해 각안의 행적과 저술에 대한 불교사적 조명 (Historical Illumination of Beomhae Gakan’s Activities and Writings in Buddhist Contexts)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국립순천대학교 남도문화연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 남도문화연구 / 54호 / 149 ~ 179페이지
· 저자명 : 이종수

초록

19세기 해남 大興寺에서 활동했던 梵海覺岸은 禪脈, 講脈, 律脈, 茶脈의 嫡傳으로서, 그 脈을 근대로 이어주는 가교적 역할을 했던 승려이다. 1921년에 그의 제자들이 詩 와 記文을 모아 『범해선사시집』과 『범해선사문집』으로 편집하고, 이를 합하여 『梵海禪 師遺稿』를 간행하였다. 또한 그가 남긴 저술 가운데 『東師列傳』은 승려 196명과 재가불교인 2명의 전기를 싣고 있다. 이 외에도 그가 편찬한 『은적사사적』과 『진불암지』가 남아 전한다.
본고에서는 각안의 행적과 저술을 살펴보고 그 불교사적 의미를 서술하였다. 주요 행적에서는 佛法傳承, 雲水行脚, 儒佛交流로 나누어 서술하고, 저술에서는 『범해선사시집』·『범해선사문집』과 『동사열전』을 중심으로 분석하였다. 『범해선사시집』·『범해선사문집』에서는 講學, 坐禪, 念佛, 飮茶, 募緣 등의 일상으로 나누어 서술하고, 『동사열전』에서는 저술의 동기와 시대적 의미 등에 대해 언급하였다.
각안은 縞依始悟의 선맥과 강맥을 이었으며, 草衣意恂의 율맥과 다맥을 이었다. 대흥사 北庵과 挽日庵에서는 禪師로서, 眞佛庵과 上院庵에서는 講師로서 후학들을 가르쳤고, 수계법회에서는 戒師가 되어 여러 출가자들에게 계율을 베풀었다. 그가 남긴 시와 기문은 문학가로서 면모를 보여주는 것이고, 그 글에서 차를 제조하고 음다하는 감흥을 통해 茶人의 면모를 엿볼 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라, 『동사열전』을 저술하고 사적기를 편찬한것으로 불교 역사가적인 면모를 확인할 수 있다. 그러므로 각안은 선사, 강사, 율사, 다인, 역사가, 문학가로서 스펙트럼이 매우 넓은 지식인이었다고 평가할 수 있겠다.

영어초록

Beomhae Gakan was active at Daeheungsa Monastery in Haenam during the 19th century. As a Buddhist monk, he played a bridging role in connecting the traditions of Seon meditation, scriptural lectures, precepts, and tea ceremonies to modern times. In 1921, his disciples collected his poems and writings, edited them into the Collection of Seon Master Beomhae’s Poetry and the Collection of Seon Master Beomhae’s Writings, and combined them into the Seon Master Beomhae‘s Posthumous Works. In addition, his writings include the Dongsayeoljun (東師列傳), which features biographies of 196 monks and two lay Buddhists. He also published Historical Sites of Eunjuksa and Jinbulamji, which remain preserved today.
This paper examines Gakan's activities and writings, highlighting their historical significance within Korean Buddhism. It is divided into two main components: his primary achievements and his literary works.
The first component addresses three areas: the transmission of Buddhist teachings (佛法傳承), the practice of seeking truth through pilgrimage (雲水行脚), and exchanges between Confucianism and Buddhism (儒 佛交流). The second focuses on his collections of poetry and prose, and the Dongsayeoljun. These works—Collection of Seon Master Beomhae’s Poetry, Collection of Seon Master Beomhae’s Writings, and Dongsayeoljun—reflect everyday aspects of Buddhist life such as scholarly study (講學), seated meditation (坐禪), Buddha invocation (念佛), tea drinking (飮茶), and Moyeon—the practice of seeking donations and building virtuous relationships. These texts are analyzed in relation to the motivations and meanings relevant to their historical context.
Gakan continued the tradition of Seon meditation as well as the lecture-based teachings of Hoeui Shio (縞依始悟), and the precepts and tea practices of Choeui Euisun (草衣意恂). He taught his disciples as a Seon master at Bukam (北庵) and Manilam (挽日庵) at Daeheungsa, and served as an instructor at Jinbulam (眞佛庵) and Sangwonam (上院庵).
He also presided over the Buddhist Ordination Ceremony, becoming a precepts master and instructing monks in ethical conduct.
His poems and writings reveal his literary sensibilities and his role as a tea practitioner, inspired by the process of brewing and blending tea.
Moreover, his compilation of Dongsayeoljun and his records of historical sites established him as a Buddhist historian. Therefore, Beomhae Gakan can be regarded as an intellectual of broad spectrum—simultaneously a historian, a literary figure, and a master of Seon meditation, scriptural lectures, religious precepts, and the tea tradition.

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