구마모토 시대의 아베 미츠이에(阿部充家) (Abe Mitsuie, a period of living in Kumamoto prefecture)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한일민족문제학회
· 수록지 정보 : 韓日民族問題硏究 / 26호 / 127 ~ 168페이지
· 저자명 : 심원섭

초록

阿部充家は、1862年、熊本城下町の中間武士階級の町である山崎町で生まれ、独り身みの母親のひざもとで育った。旧姓は神山。幼·少年期には、代々に肥後幡に仕えてき、県民の間で名望のあった池邊吉十郞の私塾で学んだ。阿部はここで藩の伝統的な教育である、訓読中心の経世学を学び、武術や狩りなど、体育鍛練をも受けた。彼は、15才になる1876年、不満士族が起こした＜神風連の乱>を、16才の時の1877年には彼の街を灰の山にした明治期日本最後の内戦＜西南戦争＞を経験した。彼の師、池邊吉十郞も熊本の保守党組織約1300名を引率し、西郷隆盛軍に加勢したが、敗北の挙げ句、長崎で処刑された。封建体制の崩壊を、戰禍と師の死を通して目撃した阿部は、新学問の世界に足を踏み入れる。上京し、東京の＜同人社＞で英語を学ぶようになるが、この時に一生の親友であり、上司としての縁を結ぶようになる德富蘇峰に遭遇する。当時、德富蘇峰は熊本の民権系結社である＜相愛社＞で活動していた。阿部は帰郷し＜九州改進党＞の民権運動に関わりながら、公立盈進小学校で教諭生活を続けていたが、蘇峰が熊本の大江所在の自宅に民権係私塾である＜大江義塾＞を設立するや、同塾に合流し教師生活を始める。安定した職場を捨てて選択した故郷の私設学校、大江義塾で彼が担っていた業務は学生部長、舎監、行政室長のような役割であった。彼は大江義塾の全体の経営実務に邁進する一方、師から学んだ通りに、剣術や狩り、行軍など、塾生たちの体育と精神鍛練と関わった訓育教育を主に担当していた。一方、大江義塾校長の徳富は東京を往来しながら、政界やマスコミ界の大物と猪突的に面談し、言論人として中央舞台で活躍することを夢見ていた。やがて＜平民主義を＞を力説した自家版著書の成功に勇気つけられた彼は上京し、自分の出版社である＜民友社＞を設立し、雑誌＜國民之友＞を刊行するようになる。これが後に日本の代表的な御用言論として成長する＜國民新聞＞の前身であった。阿部は蘇峰の要請により上京し、＜民友社＞社員としての生活を始める。熊本の民権私塾の舎監から東京の言論人としての転身、これが後日、彼と朝鮮との一生の縁を決定するきっかけとなった。

영어초록

Abe Mitsuie(阿部充家) was born in 1862 in Yamazaki town, a castle town of the middle class of samurai in Kumamoto prefecture. He grew up under his widow mother’ care, his former name was Kamiyama(神山). When he was young, he went to the private school founded by Ikebe Kichijuro(池邊吉十郎), whose ancestors had traditionally served Higo domain(肥後藩), and who had a good reputation among people. He studied the science of rule a country(経世学) mainly the Japanese reading of a Chinese character, traditional education in Higo domain(肥後藩), and physical training such as martial arts or hunting.
He had terrible experiences with two civil wars such as Sinpuren Rebellion <新風連の乱>, caused by the discontent among a family of the samurai broke out in 1876 at the age of 15, and Seinan War <西南戦争>, set fire to all the his hometown and burned them down, broke out in 1877 in the following year. This was the last civil war in the Meiji era. Ikebe Kichijuro(池邊吉十郎), looked up to as his mentor, led about 1300 people from the group of the New Conservative Party in Kumamoto prefecture into <西南戦争> as reinforcements at the Saigo Takamori(西郷隆盛)’s side. However, they were defeated in war and Ikebe Kichijuro(池邊吉十郎) ended up being executed in Nagasaki prefecture.
Abe Mitsuie(阿部充家) stepped into a new world of study after he had witnessed the collapse of a feudal system through terrible civil wars and the death of his master. He came up to Tokyo to study English at <同人社>, where he encountered Tokutomi Soho(徳富蘇峰), a lifelong friend as well as his superior. At that time Tokutomi Soho(徳富蘇峰) worked in <相愛社>, the association of the civil rights in Kumamoto prefecture. He came back home and took part in a civil right movement of <九州改進党>, meanwhile he kept on working as a teacher at Eishin public primary school(公立盈進小学校). Nevertheless he resigned his stable position as public teacher and became a private school teacher of Oegizyuk <大江義塾>, a private school with the idea of civil rights, established by Tokutomi Soho in his house in Oe, Kumamoto prefecture(大江、熊本県). He took responsibility for important duties as student manager, dormitory superintendent and head of an administration office in Oegizyuk <大江義塾>. While he pushed forward with handling whole management of business affairs of Oegizyuk <大江義塾>, he mainly taught discipline education related to training both body and spirit through Kendo, hunting or march as he had learned from his master.
On the other hand, Tokutomi Soho(徳富蘇峰), a principal of Oegizyuk <大江義塾>, had an interview actively with influential figures of the political and mass media, and so he dreamed of the success on the center stage, while he often came and went to Tokyo. In the meantime, he had been encouraged by the success of publishing his private book which he stressed on the principle of commoner(平民主義), and then he came up to Tokyo again, he founded Minyusya <民友社> as his own publishing company to publish the periodical magazine <國民の友>. This was the forerunner of Kokuminsinbun <國民新聞> which later became a typical pragmatic in Japan. Abe Mitsuie(阿部充家) came up to Tokyo too, requested by Tokutomi Soho(徳富蘇峰), began to lead his new life as the staff of Minyusya <民友社>. This was the key to decide the deeply connection all his life with Korea, which totally changed his position from a dormitory superintendent in the primary school with the idea of civil rights in Kumamoto prefecture to representative speaker of Tokyo.

참고자료

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