遼慶州白塔천궁출토 鳳銜珠銀鎏金法舍利塔의 조상 연구 (A Study on the Gilt Silver Dharma Relics Pagoda Excavated from the Heavenly Palace of the Qingzhou White Pagoda of the Liao Dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국미술사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 미술사학연구 / 315권 / 315호 / 277 ~ 323페이지
· 저자명 : 성서영

초록

요 경주백탑은 장성황태후가 발원한 석가불사리탑이다. 필자는 천궁 출토 봉함주은누금법사리탑에 안 치된 누금은경판과 탑신과 대좌의 조상 분석을 통해 당시 불사의 목적과 장성황태후의 염원을 구체적으로 밝 혔다. 또한 조상 표현에 요 황실 고유의 샤머니즘 습속이 반영되었다는 사실도 확인하였다.
당시 불사의 주된 목적은 성종의 도솔천 왕생 기원이었다. 그리하여 법사리탑 내 안치된 누금은경판에 『무구정경』중에서도 근본다라니의 망자 도솔천 왕생 문구만을 새겼다. 또한 탑신에는 경전 중의 인물 외도 겁 비라전다를 최초로 조형화하였다. 장성황태후는 다가올 말법 시대에 요나라에 미륵이 하생하고, 자신이 염부 제를 다스리는 전륜성왕 양거가 되길 염원했다. 그리하여 장성황태후는 탑신에서 금박산이 표현된 보살관을 쓰고 용화수 가지를 든 모습으로 표현되었다. 또한 미륵불은 대좌에서 석가의 발우와 기러기 머리가 표현된 장대를 든 모습으로 표현되었다. 특히 기러기 머리는 요 황실의 샤머니즘 제의와 밀접한 관련이 있다. 종합해 보면, 법사리탑 내부에는 미륵 상생 신앙에 기초한 누금은경판을 안치하였으며, 외부에는 미륵불 하생을 염 원하는 황실 공양자와 이와 관련 있는 미륵불을 표현하였다.

영어초록

The Qingzhou White Pagoda is a śarīra pagoda of the Buddha Śākyamuni built by the commission of Empress Dowager Zhangsheng in the Liao Dynasty. This paper illuminates the aim of the Buddhist services undertaken at the Heavenly Palace of the Qingzhou White Pagoda and the Empress Dowager’s religious aspirations and wishes by examining the “gilt silver sutra plate” enshrined in the (Gilt Silver) Dharma Relics Pagoda and the engraved images and a statue on the Pagoda’s body and pedestal. Through the latter analysis, the paper also brings to light how the Pagoda conveys the shamanistic tradition of the Liao imperial court.
At the time, the Buddhist services had been mainly intended for Emperor Shengzong’s rebirth in the Tuṣita Heaven. For this reason, the “gilt silver sutra plate” is inscribed with an excerpt only relating to a rebirth in Tuṣita from the “Root Dharani” of the Great Dharani Sutra of Immaculate and Pure Light. Moreover, the images on the Pagoda’s body are engraved with the unprecedented inclusion of Jiebiluozhancha, a Brahman who also notably appears in the Sutra. The Empress Dowager wished Maitreya would descend to the earth, and she aspired to become a Chakravarti (King Saṅkha) destined to rule over Jambudvîpa in the Final Dharma Age. On the Pagoda’s body, the Empress Dowager is depicted wearing a crown of a bodhisattva with a golden grand mountain ornament(Jinboshan) and holding a branch of the naga-puspa tree. Meanwhile, Maitreya is shown on the pedestal of the Pagoda with Śākyamuni’s alms bowl in one hand and the other hand carrying Abstract A Study on the Gilt Silver Dharma Relics Pagoda Excavated from the Heavenly Palace of the Qingzhou White Pagoda of the Liao Dynasty Sung, Suhyoung The Qingzhou White Pagoda is a śarīra pagoda of the Buddha Śākyamuni built by the commission of Empress Dowager Zhangsheng in the Liao Dynasty. This paper illuminates the aim of the Buddhist services undertaken at the Heavenly Palace of the Qingzhou White Pagoda and the Empress Dowager’s religious aspirations and wishes by examining the “gilt silver sutra plate” enshrined in the (Gilt Silver) Dharma Relics Pagoda and the engraved images and a statue on the Pagoda’s body and pedestal. Through the latter analysis, the paper also brings to light how the Pagoda conveys the shamanistic tradition of the Liao imperial court.
At the time, the Buddhist services had been mainly intended for Emperor Shengzong’s rebirth in the Tuṣita Heaven. For this reason, the “gilt silver sutra plate” is inscribed with an excerpt only relating to a rebirth in Tuṣita from the “Root Dharani” of the Great Dharani Sutra of Immaculate and Pure Light. Moreover, the images on the Pagoda’s body are engraved with the unprecedented inclusion of Jiebiluozhancha, a Brahman who also notably appears in the Sutra. The Empress Dowager wished Maitreya would descend to the earth, and she aspired to become a Chakravarti (King Saṅkha) destined to rule over Jambudvîpa in the Final Dharma Age. On the Pagoda’s body, the Empress Dowager is depicted wearing a crown of a bodhisattva with a golden grand mountain ornament(Jinboshan) and holding a branch of the naga-puspa tree. Meanwhile, Maitreya is shown on the pedestal of the Pagoda with Śākyamuni’s alms bowl in one hand and the other hand carrying * Affiliated Professor at Mokwon University a staff adorned with the head of a wild goose. The wild goose's head, in particular, is an image closely associated with the shamanistic rituals of the Liao imperial family. In sum, the inner space of the Dharma Relics Pagoda is a “gilt silver sutra plate,” which manifests the faith of Maitreya and rebirth in his Tuṣita Heaven, and its outer surface are the images displaying the aspiration of the royal donor for Maitreya’s descent and the corresponding portrayal of Maitreya Buddha.

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