전쟁과 혁명 사이에서 ― 프랑스가 본 1917년 러시아혁명 ― (Between War and Revolution: The Russian Revolutions of 1917 Seen from France)

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초록

In 1917 there were actually two revolutions in Russia. One was the February Revolution in which the Tsar abdicated his throne and the Provisional Government took power. The other was the October Revolution in which the Provisional Government was overthrown by the Bolsheviks launching the Soviet Socialist Republic. Playing a major role in world history, these two Russian Revolutions had a very important influence on France stricken down with war efforts.
The February Revolution was greeted with acclamations by Frenchmen as a good sign for strengthening war efforts against Germany. But from April crisis to July crisis, the shadow of doubts has been cast upon the revolution which seemed tempted into wrong ways. Frenchmen remained in a great anxiety that Russians, whether weary of war sacrifices or by the instigation of the pacifists, would quit the war.
The morale of French civilians and soldiers, after having been in great depression in spring, sagged once more in November. Its sudden fall had something to do with a surprising news of the victory of the maximalists (Bolsheviks) in Russia. Frenchmen, in general, followed the October Revolution with great anxiety and doubt. They were fully convinced that Russians under Bolshevik rule had neither will of nor capacity for continuing the war. Many French socialists and labour militants criticized the way in which the Bolsheviks took power and reproached them for transgressing the socialist ideals.
While the attitude of French public opinion toward the February Revolution can be characterized as 'sympathy', this turned into 'indignation' for the October Revolution. This means that generally, the Frenchmen fallen in war time difficulties saw the two Russian Revolutions of 1917 in terms of 'nation' rather than of 'class'. In their reception of the 'October', national sentiments preceded class feeling, as it had been the case at the outbreak of the First World War.

영어초록

In 1917 there were actually two revolutions in Russia. One was the February Revolution in which the Tsar abdicated his throne and the Provisional Government took power. The other was the October Revolution in which the Provisional Government was overthrown by the Bolsheviks launching the Soviet Socialist Republic. Playing a major role in world history, these two Russian Revolutions had a very important influence on France stricken down with war efforts.
The February Revolution was greeted with acclamations by Frenchmen as a good sign for strengthening war efforts against Germany. But from April crisis to July crisis, the shadow of doubts has been cast upon the revolution which seemed tempted into wrong ways. Frenchmen remained in a great anxiety that Russians, whether weary of war sacrifices or by the instigation of the pacifists, would quit the war.
The morale of French civilians and soldiers, after having been in great depression in spring, sagged once more in November. Its sudden fall had something to do with a surprising news of the victory of the maximalists (Bolsheviks) in Russia. Frenchmen, in general, followed the October Revolution with great anxiety and doubt. They were fully convinced that Russians under Bolshevik rule had neither will of nor capacity for continuing the war. Many French socialists and labour militants criticized the way in which the Bolsheviks took power and reproached them for transgressing the socialist ideals.
While the attitude of French public opinion toward the February Revolution can be characterized as 'sympathy', this turned into 'indignation' for the October Revolution. This means that generally, the Frenchmen fallen in war time difficulties saw the two Russian Revolutions of 1917 in terms of 'nation' rather than of 'class'. In their reception of the 'October', national sentiments preceded class feeling, as it had been the case at the outbreak of the First World War.

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