산티아고 순례를 통해서 본 중세의 순례 문화 (The Medieval Pilgrimage Culture in the Way to Santiago)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 이화여자대학교 이화사학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 이화사학연구 / 67호 / 263 ~ 292페이지
· 저자명 : 박용진

초록

Compared to the pilgrim's guides and various writings of the 12th century, such as the Pilgrim's Guide to Santiago de Compostela by the Pope Calixtus II, which were filled with piety and miracles, the pilgrim travelogues of the 15th century, including those by Jean de Tournais and Jean de Zeilbeke, contained a significant amount of practical information alongside their faith. It was impossible to embark on a journey solely with faith without a material basis. Among the material necessities, the most crucial was expenses, namely money as today.
In the case of the pilgrimage to Jerusalem, one needed to take a ship, and there were many items to prepare for the journey, as well as fares. This is why the pilgrimage to Santiago, which could be undertaken on foot, gained popularity. The necessities for the Santiago pilgrimage were a headwear to shield from sunlight, a staff to aid in walking and fend off animals, a cloak for protection from rain and as an alternative to a tent for lodging, and a pocket knife and a small bag containing some money. These were the minimum survival tools, and if one added a scallop shell, which symbolized the pilgrim, it was enough. In particular, the pilgrim mark had the effect of deterring robbery attacks and was a device that could seek assistance in unfamiliar places. Another important addition was a letter of recommendation that guaranteed hospitality.
Upon reaching the final destination of Santiago, they received guidance and explanations. The pilgrims would listen to the biography of the saint, miracles, and the meaning of Bible passages while viewing paintings, stained glass, and sculptures from the priest, who acts as a kind of “local guide.” Through this listening, the pilgrims would have shared their experience, knowledge, and doctrine, and this sharing served as a tool to teach and spread Christian doctrine to the mostly illiterate medieval people.
The political situation in the Iberian Peninsula and the religious factors such as the spread of worship of sacred relics were important for the vitalization of the pilgrimage to Santiago, but the fact that pilgrimage was possible only with minimal material resources also played a significant role. Moreover, the vitalization of pilgrimage also contributed to the dissemination of common doctrine among ordinary believers.

영어초록

Compared to the pilgrim's guides and various writings of the 12th century, such as the Pilgrim's Guide to Santiago de Compostela by the Pope Calixtus II, which were filled with piety and miracles, the pilgrim travelogues of the 15th century, including those by Jean de Tournais and Jean de Zeilbeke, contained a significant amount of practical information alongside their faith. It was impossible to embark on a journey solely with faith without a material basis. Among the material necessities, the most crucial was expenses, namely money as today.
In the case of the pilgrimage to Jerusalem, one needed to take a ship, and there were many items to prepare for the journey, as well as fares. This is why the pilgrimage to Santiago, which could be undertaken on foot, gained popularity. The necessities for the Santiago pilgrimage were a headwear to shield from sunlight, a staff to aid in walking and fend off animals, a cloak for protection from rain and as an alternative to a tent for lodging, and a pocket knife and a small bag containing some money. These were the minimum survival tools, and if one added a scallop shell, which symbolized the pilgrim, it was enough. In particular, the pilgrim mark had the effect of deterring robbery attacks and was a device that could seek assistance in unfamiliar places. Another important addition was a letter of recommendation that guaranteed hospitality.
Upon reaching the final destination of Santiago, they received guidance and explanations. The pilgrims would listen to the biography of the saint, miracles, and the meaning of Bible passages while viewing paintings, stained glass, and sculptures from the priest, who acts as a kind of “local guide.” Through this listening, the pilgrims would have shared their experience, knowledge, and doctrine, and this sharing served as a tool to teach and spread Christian doctrine to the mostly illiterate medieval people.
The political situation in the Iberian Peninsula and the religious factors such as the spread of worship of sacred relics were important for the vitalization of the pilgrimage to Santiago, but the fact that pilgrimage was possible only with minimal material resources also played a significant role. Moreover, the vitalization of pilgrimage also contributed to the dissemination of common doctrine among ordinary believers.

참고자료

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