일본 장애인복지서비스의 이용자부담에 관한 고찰: 생존권적 기본권과 장애인자립지원법 위헌소송운동을 중심으로 (A Study on the User Imbursement of Welfare Services for the Disabled in Japan: Focused on the basic right to live and the unconstitutional litigation movement)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동아시아일본학회
· 수록지 정보 : 일본문화연구 / 82호 / 5 ~ 25페이지
· 저자명 : 김광래, 맹준호

초록

일본의 장애인복지서비스는 2006년 장애인자립지원법의 도입으로 인해 큰 변화를 가져왔다. 이전까지는 장애인복지서비스의 이용자부담에 대해 장애인의 경제적 능력에 따라 차등 부과되는 비용부담방식을 채택하였다. 그러나 장애인자립지원법은 개호보험제도와 같은 정률부담방식을 도입하면서 장애인들의 반발을 일으켰다. 이는 이후 장애인과 장애인단체들의 위헌소송 제기와 함께 장애인운동이 일어남에 따라 장애인자립지원법은 결국 폐지되었다.
이러한 장애인복지서비스에서 정률부담방식의 도입은 장애의 ‘자기책임론(自己責任論)’과 자조론(自助論)의 영향을 받았다. 이는 복지서비스 이용을 사적 이익으로 보는 관점에서 장애인의 ‘자립’을 명목으로 장애인뿐만 아니라 가족에게도 부담을 전가하게 상황이 나타나게 되었다. 위헌소송은 장애인복지서비스의 이용자부담이 장애인들에게 생존권을 위협하는 중요한 요인으로 인식되었다.
본 연구는 일본 헌법의 생존권과 복지수급권이라는 관점에서 장애인자립지원법의 이전 제도들과 이후 제도의 이용자부담에 대한 비교 연구를 통하여 장애인복지서비스의 이용자부담이 장애인들의 생존권을 위협하는 요인임을 심층적으로 분석하여 한국에의 시사점을 얻고자 한다.

영어초록

Welfare services for the disabled in Japan brought about a major change with the introduction of the Independence Support Act of the Disabled in 2006. e introduction of the Independence Support Act of the Disabled in 2006. Previously, the cost-bearing method in which users with disabilities were charged differently according to the economic ability of the disabled was adopted.
However, with the introduction of the Self-Reliance Support Act for the Disabled, a fixed rate payment method, which was applied to the Long Term Care Insurance was introduced, in which resulted a backlash from the disabled. Afterwards, he Self-Reliance Support Act for the Disabled was eventually abolished as the disabled people's movement took place along with the filing of unconstitutional lawsuits by the disabled and disabled people's organizations.
The introduction of the fixed rate payment method in these welfare services for the disabled was influenced by the 'Self-responsibility Theory and the 'Self-help Theory' of the handicap. This has resulted in a situation in which the burden is shifted to not only the disabled but also their families under the pretext of 'self-reliance of the disabled from the viewpoint of viewing the use of welfare services as a private benefit.
Despite the abolition of the Self-Reliance Support Act for the Disabled through the unconstitutional litigation campaign, the new Comprehensive Support for the Disabled Act, enacted in 2012, introduced a new user responsible payment method called a mixed method, and the services requested by the disabled were not made free of charge.
Although the unconstitutional litigation was concluded through consultation with the Japanese government and no legal judgment was reached, it has the significance that the Japanese government, the disabled, and experts participated in a meeting to promote the reform of the disability system that prepared a framework for enacting a new law. the User Imbursement welfare services was recognized as an important factor threatening the right to live for the disabled.
In this study, from the viewpoint of the right to live and the right to receive welfare under the Japanese Constitution, this study examines in depth the fact that the user imbusrsemnt of welfare services for the disabled is a factor that threatens the right to live of the disabled. We want to analyze and get implications for Korea trough a comparative study of the user imbursement of the welfare system's before and after the Support for Self-Reliance of the Disabled Act.

참고자료

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