『特命全権大使 米欧回覧実記』에 나타나는 한자 지명 표기에 관한 연구 (A Study on Chinese Character Place Names in『Beioukairanzikki』)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국일어일문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 일어일문학연구 / 86권 / 1호 / 53 ~ 75페이지
· 저자명 : 박성희

초록

本稿は明治期の西洋見聞録である『米欧回覧実記』に現れる西洋地名の漢字表記についてその全般的な実態を中心に考察したものである。『米欧回覧実記』に出現する西洋地名の漢字表記は、総11,339個と集計され、全体表記の84.4%を占めており、地名表記において圧倒的な割合を占めていることが分った。漢字を用いて地名を表記する方法は、漢字の意味とは関係なく、その発音さえ同じであれば、字を借りる仮借による方式であった。ところで、西洋地名の漢字表記は、基本的に中国の漢字音に基づいたものなので、場合によっては日本の漢字音で読む際、本来の発音とは差異があらわれ、実際の国名の原音との関連性がなくなるという問題が生じた。それで、日本では自国の漢字音に適合する漢字に切り替え、日本独自の地名表記を考案するようになってきた。従って、本稿では西洋地名の漢字表記を音節別で区切り、各音節にどのような漢字が当てられていたかという対応の関係について調査してみた。その結果、西洋地名の原語音を漢字で表記するにあたっては開音節化が適用され、一音節長く表記されており、また、子音の音素[r]と[l]が含まれた西洋地名は、一つの音に統合されて表記していることが分った。

영어초록

In this study, general declarations of Chinese Character Place Names in 『Beioukairanzikki』, a record of personal experience travelogue to the west was reviewed.
In『Beioukairanzikki』, there were 13,431 declarations regarding 959 individual places, among which western place names expressed in Chinese Characters were 11,339 (84.4%), which shows the overwhelmingly high ratio of the use of Chinese Characters.
When they declared place name by borrowing Chinese Characters, they used Gacha which borrowed characters regardless of original meaning as long as the pronunciation was similar. However, as the western place names declared by Chinese Characters were created based on the Chinese pronunciation, when they were read according to Japanese reading rules they would be read differently from the original sound and it became difficult to associate place names with the places themselves. Accordingly, in Japan, they devised some other methods such as changing Chinese Characters according to Japanese pronunciation or devising unique and original declaration system.
Considering these, in this study, western place names declared by Chinese characters were classified by syllables and corresponding relationship between each syllable and Chinese character. According to the results, first, they used the open syllable rules to make a syllable longer. Second, when western place names had [r] and [l], those were merged into one during the conversion to Chinese characters.

참고자료

· 없음