17～18세기 전반 몽골문 史書의 大元帝國 역사 서술 ― 황제들의 生沒, 즉위 연도 및 계보에 대한 비교 분석을 중심으로 ― (A Study on the Historical Descriptions of the Great Yuan Empire Recorded in the Mongolian Historical Texts in the 17th and the Early 18th Centuries: Focusing on comparative analysis about year of birt)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 동양사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 동양사학연구 / 128호 / 297 ~ 348페이지
· 저자명 : 권용철

초록

Mongolian people also recorded their own history in Mongolian language separately from the Chinese tradition of history compilation that has been passed down for a long time. Although it has been known that such records also existed during the period of the Great Yuan Empire, the historical texts that show the unique recognition of Mongolian people were not completed for a while after they moved back to the Mongol steppe with the advent of the Ming Dynasty. And then, the compilation of historical texts became active again with the re-introduction of Tibetan Buddhism into Mongolia in earnest at the end of 16th century. This caused the emergence of the historical documents in the form of the chronicles written in Mongolian from the 17th century, in which Mongolian people's view is inherent. This paper attempted to investigate how Mongolian people recognized the history of the Great Yuan Empire by analyzing the descriptions about the period of the Great Yuan Empire recorded in such Mongolian historical literature.
The influence of Tibetan Buddhism is strongly brought to light in the Mongolian historical texts of the 17th century. The fact that the origin is traced from India-Tibet when describing Mongol's history can be said to be the framework of the historical descriptions that show the viewpoint of Tibetan Buddhism. In addition, it can be confirmed that the historical anecdotes associated with Tibetan Buddhism account for a large portion even in the brief descriptions about the emperors during the period of the Great Yuan Empire. As a result, the story related to ruling over China proper of the Great Yuan Empire can be hardly found from the Mongolian historical documents written during this period. Therefore, the content about this period is described as a kind of a brief pedigree, and only the simple facts such as the year and date of emperors' birth, death, and enthronement can be compared to the content of the History of the Yuan Dynasty(『元史』). The fact that the Chinese calendar system was not used can be said to be the characteristics that show the Mongol's unique historical descriptions. In addition, except for the decisive errors found in some descriptions, the descriptions are somewhat close to the year and date in the History of the Yuan Dynasty. This indicates that the Mongolian historical texts in the 17th century contain the Mongol's peculiar historical descriptions relatively correctly.
With the beginning of the 18th century, changes occurred in the descriptions of the Mongolian historical texts. The influence of the Chinese historical records was widely reflected on the format and content of the Mongolian historical documents. As a result, the Chinese era name was introduced into the Mongolian texts. This characteristic is one of the phenomena appeared while a variety of culture including that of Manchu, Mongol, Han Chinese, and Tibet influenced each other during Great Qing Empire. Therefore, the intellectuals with the ability to directly refer to the Chinese historical records as well as the Mongolian historical texts appeared, achieving historical descriptions of a new stage. This study analyzed the content of the emperors of the Great Yuan Empire recorded in the two Mongolian historical texts, “γanγ-a-yin urusqal ”(『恒河之流』) and “Mongγol-un borjigid obuγ-un teüke”(『蒙古博尔济吉忒氏族谱』), and could confirm the framework of the descriptions that changed from that of the 17th century. Nevertheless, the above two documents accepted part of the format or content of the existing chronicles written in Mongolian, indicating that Mongol's unique historical descriptions and recognition did not completely disappear at this stage yet.
Although this paper selected and analyzed only four Mongolian historical texts compiled in the 17th century and two compiled in the early 18th century, there are other Mongolian historical documents. There is a need to analyze the records and framework of the historical descriptions contained in these Mongolian texts in the future. In addition, to investigate what characteristics have appeared in the Mongolian historical texts that were compiled from the late 18th century when the Great Qing Empire began to interfere with the compilation of Mongol's history after the Great Qing Empire made expeditions into Jungaria and finally annexed it as its territory, would be a valuable subject.

영어초록

Mongolian people also recorded their own history in Mongolian language separately from the Chinese tradition of history compilation that has been passed down for a long time. Although it has been known that such records also existed during the period of the Great Yuan Empire, the historical texts that show the unique recognition of Mongolian people were not completed for a while after they moved back to the Mongol steppe with the advent of the Ming Dynasty. And then, the compilation of historical texts became active again with the re-introduction of Tibetan Buddhism into Mongolia in earnest at the end of 16th century. This caused the emergence of the historical documents in the form of the chronicles written in Mongolian from the 17th century, in which Mongolian people's view is inherent. This paper attempted to investigate how Mongolian people recognized the history of the Great Yuan Empire by analyzing the descriptions about the period of the Great Yuan Empire recorded in such Mongolian historical literature.
The influence of Tibetan Buddhism is strongly brought to light in the Mongolian historical texts of the 17th century. The fact that the origin is traced from India-Tibet when describing Mongol's history can be said to be the framework of the historical descriptions that show the viewpoint of Tibetan Buddhism. In addition, it can be confirmed that the historical anecdotes associated with Tibetan Buddhism account for a large portion even in the brief descriptions about the emperors during the period of the Great Yuan Empire. As a result, the story related to ruling over China proper of the Great Yuan Empire can be hardly found from the Mongolian historical documents written during this period. Therefore, the content about this period is described as a kind of a brief pedigree, and only the simple facts such as the year and date of emperors' birth, death, and enthronement can be compared to the content of the History of the Yuan Dynasty(『元史』). The fact that the Chinese calendar system was not used can be said to be the characteristics that show the Mongol's unique historical descriptions. In addition, except for the decisive errors found in some descriptions, the descriptions are somewhat close to the year and date in the History of the Yuan Dynasty. This indicates that the Mongolian historical texts in the 17th century contain the Mongol's peculiar historical descriptions relatively correctly.
With the beginning of the 18th century, changes occurred in the descriptions of the Mongolian historical texts. The influence of the Chinese historical records was widely reflected on the format and content of the Mongolian historical documents. As a result, the Chinese era name was introduced into the Mongolian texts. This characteristic is one of the phenomena appeared while a variety of culture including that of Manchu, Mongol, Han Chinese, and Tibet influenced each other during Great Qing Empire. Therefore, the intellectuals with the ability to directly refer to the Chinese historical records as well as the Mongolian historical texts appeared, achieving historical descriptions of a new stage. This study analyzed the content of the emperors of the Great Yuan Empire recorded in the two Mongolian historical texts, “γanγ-a-yin urusqal ”(『恒河之流』) and “Mongγol-un borjigid obuγ-un teüke”(『蒙古博尔济吉忒氏族谱』), and could confirm the framework of the descriptions that changed from that of the 17th century. Nevertheless, the above two documents accepted part of the format or content of the existing chronicles written in Mongolian, indicating that Mongol's unique historical descriptions and recognition did not completely disappear at this stage yet.
Although this paper selected and analyzed only four Mongolian historical texts compiled in the 17th century and two compiled in the early 18th century, there are other Mongolian historical documents. There is a need to analyze the records and framework of the historical descriptions contained in these Mongolian texts in the future. In addition, to investigate what characteristics have appeared in the Mongolian historical texts that were compiled from the late 18th century when the Great Qing Empire began to interfere with the compilation of Mongol's history after the Great Qing Empire made expeditions into Jungaria and finally annexed it as its territory, would be a valuable subject.

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