東魏 · 北齊시기 佛敎動向과 文宣帝의 佛敎觀 (The trend of Buddhism in the Eastern Wei and the Northern Qi and Wenxuan's viewpoint on Buddhism)

서지정보

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· 저자명 : 안순형

초록

This paper is a study on the trend of Buddhism in the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty and Wenxuan's viewpoint on Buddhism. The Buddhism in Hebei with Ye as its center expanded congregation rapidly where they had a lot of human and material resources moved from Luoyang, as Gaohuan transfered the capital to Ye. Although the territory and population of the Eastern Wei are not more than the half of those of the later part of the Northern Wei Daynasty, the number of the temples is just as the same level. During the early part of the Northern Qi Dynasty the population increased compared to the early part of the Eastern Wei Daynasty, the number of temples and monks soared dramatically as well. The growth of monks and nuns who didn't involved in the production means that the burden on the people were high relatively.
There were some reasons why Buddhism developed then. Firstly, the agricultural production increased gradually in Hebei and Shandong as well as the supplies converged on the capital, Ye from everywhere. Secondly, Hufeng including Buddhism which was prevalent early in Luoyang spilled over into Hebei with immigration. Thirdly, there were the laxity of the government decree and severe exploitation of the people. When external expedition, civil engineering works, and stric legislation collapsed the base of their livelihood, people turned to temples voluntarily in order to survive.
Gaoyang who had excellent political talent and decisiveness managed to subdue Xiaojing from Ye and Xungui promptly right after the death of Gaojing despite the objection of the queen mother, Lou. During the early part of the Northern Qi Dynasty Gaoyang participated in pro-Buddhism activities aggressively after he usurped the Eastern Wei Dynasty. It suggests that the power of Buddhism grew rapidly during the Eastern Wei Dynasty besides Xiaojing showed a favorable attitude toward Buddhism. That means Wenxuan had to support Buddhism at least at a rate comparable with the Eastern Wei Dynasty.
Wenxuan, however, tried to control Buddhism to strengthen the authority of the emperor. In the second year of Tianbao, he increased the Buddhist officials. And he also kept interacting with Buddhism even just before he died. Nonetheless, we can not say he revered Buddhims enthusiastically. First of all, he controlled Buddhism when the power of Buddhism threaten the national finance in January in the fifth year of Tianbao. In addition Wenxuan in the later part of the Tianbao didn't even follow Five Commanments.
Wenxuan didn't enforce the pro-Buddhism policy as a part of an effort to revere Buddhism personally. He simply tried to make contact with Buddhism for the stability of the feudal dynasty.

영어초록

This paper is a study on the trend of Buddhism in the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Northern Qi Dynasty and Wenxuan's viewpoint on Buddhism. The Buddhism in Hebei with Ye as its center expanded congregation rapidly where they had a lot of human and material resources moved from Luoyang, as Gaohuan transfered the capital to Ye. Although the territory and population of the Eastern Wei are not more than the half of those of the later part of the Northern Wei Daynasty, the number of the temples is just as the same level. During the early part of the Northern Qi Dynasty the population increased compared to the early part of the Eastern Wei Daynasty, the number of temples and monks soared dramatically as well. The growth of monks and nuns who didn't involved in the production means that the burden on the people were high relatively.
There were some reasons why Buddhism developed then. Firstly, the agricultural production increased gradually in Hebei and Shandong as well as the supplies converged on the capital, Ye from everywhere. Secondly, Hufeng including Buddhism which was prevalent early in Luoyang spilled over into Hebei with immigration. Thirdly, there were the laxity of the government decree and severe exploitation of the people. When external expedition, civil engineering works, and stric legislation collapsed the base of their livelihood, people turned to temples voluntarily in order to survive.
Gaoyang who had excellent political talent and decisiveness managed to subdue Xiaojing from Ye and Xungui promptly right after the death of Gaojing despite the objection of the queen mother, Lou. During the early part of the Northern Qi Dynasty Gaoyang participated in pro-Buddhism activities aggressively after he usurped the Eastern Wei Dynasty. It suggests that the power of Buddhism grew rapidly during the Eastern Wei Dynasty besides Xiaojing showed a favorable attitude toward Buddhism. That means Wenxuan had to support Buddhism at least at a rate comparable with the Eastern Wei Dynasty.
Wenxuan, however, tried to control Buddhism to strengthen the authority of the emperor. In the second year of Tianbao, he increased the Buddhist officials. And he also kept interacting with Buddhism even just before he died. Nonetheless, we can not say he revered Buddhims enthusiastically. First of all, he controlled Buddhism when the power of Buddhism threaten the national finance in January in the fifth year of Tianbao. In addition Wenxuan in the later part of the Tianbao didn't even follow Five Commanments.
Wenxuan didn't enforce the pro-Buddhism policy as a part of an effort to revere Buddhism personally. He simply tried to make contact with Buddhism for the stability of the feudal dynasty.

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