‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’자 피동문 문법 설명에 대한 재고 (Study on the Grammatical Interpretation of ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ in Passive Sentences)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국외국어대학교 중국연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 중국연구 / 73권 / 95 ~ 125페이지
· 저자명 : 임미나

초록

본고에서는 먼저 7종 문법서에 수록된 ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’자 피동문의 문법 설명에 대한 분석을 진행하였다. 분석 결과 대부분 문법 설명이 전면적이지 못하고 다음과 같은 문제점이 존재함을 발견하였다.
첫째, ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’자 피동문에 대한 인식 부족둘째, ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’자 피동문의 행위자 생략 가능 여부에 대한 설명 부족셋째, ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’자 피동문의 의미색채에 대한 설명 부족넷째, ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’자 피동문과 동일한 구조를 지닌 구문과의 비교 부족다음으로 앞서 진행한 문법 설명 분석을 통해 드러난 기존 문법서의 문제점을 바탕으로 ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’자 피동문에 대한 설명을 좀 더 자세하고 전면적으로 제시해 보았는데, 이를 표로 정리하면 다음과 같다.
기존의 문법서에서는 ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’자 피동문에 대한 설명이 매우 부족하고 정확하지 않은 내용도 있어 학습자의 오류를 유발하고 있다. 학습자를 오도하지 않으려면 지금까지 상대적으로 소홀히 다뤄온 ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’자 피동문에 대한 보다 정확하고 전면적인 설명이 필요하다. 이상의 논의 내용이 중국어 피동문에 대한 연구 및 중국어교육에 일조할 수 있기를 기대한다.

영어초록

In this paper, I have reviewed and analyzed the grammatical explanations of ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ in passive sentences from the existing seven grammar books. I have learned that the currently existing books failed to provide comprehensive interpretation on the grammar of ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ in passive sentences and my review and analysis revealed several weakness in current explanations, for which alternative and more detailed interpretations were proposed in this paper. The followings are the problems that I found: 1. The lack of mention of ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences.
2. The lack of explanation for the omission of NP2 in the ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences.
3. The lack of explanation about the semantic colors of ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences.
4. The lack of comparisons for the phrases that have the same structure as ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences.
I am proposing more detailed and comprehensive explanations in the ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences as follows: ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences structure : NP1+叫/让/给+NP2+VP 他叫雨淋了。(He got wet with rain.) 羊让狼吃了。(A sheep was eaten by a wolf.) 我的自行车给(人)偷了。(My bike was stolen by a thief.) characteristics : ①NP1 is a definite ingredient which may be abbreviated in colloquial dialogue.
②‘叫’, ‘让’ and ‘给’ are all used in colloquial style, but ‘给’ is a little bit more colloquial than ‘叫’, ‘让’. They are, however, replaceable each other as passive marker in the colloquial language.
③‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences have basically negative meanings abut sometimes have a neutral meanings.
④‘给’ is a passive marker originally observed in southern dialects, but it is now also found in northern dialects.
⑤NP2 after ‘叫’ and ‘让’ cannot be omitted. It is grammaticalized from causative verb to passive marker and it should reflect the characteristics of causative sentences which requires NP2. On the other hand, it is possible to omit NP2 after ‘给’ because it is grammaticalized from dative verb meaning of ‘giving’ to passive marker and the dative verb itself can be used without NP2.
⑥ A verb cannot appear alone in VP. Either complement, object or aspect particle must appear with a verb in VP. ‘着’ is not used in general, but it can be used in sentences that indicate a command or request. Auxiliary verbs, adverbs, and time nouns appear before the passive marker.
⑦‘叫’, ‘让’ passive sentences has the same sentence structure as the ‘叫’, ‘让’ causative sentences and it is same that NP2 is the agent of VP. However, the characteristics of the NP1 is different in between passive sentences and causative sentences and the components of VP are also different. ‘给’ passive sentences has the same sentence structure as the ‘给’ prepositional phrases but the agent of VP are different.
















It is found that the currently existing grammar books provide very limited and vague explanations about ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences, which misleads the student to the ambiguous use of those words. I believe it is necessary to provide explicit and comprehensive interpretation for ‘叫’, ‘让’, ‘给’ passive sentences and it will be an honor if the above discussions could make any contribution to the study of Chinese passive sentences and Chinese language education.

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