일본 헤이안 시대의 문학작품에 나타난 의례식(儀禮食)의 원형 연구 -곡령신앙을 중심으로- (A study on the archetype of the Ritual food in the literature works of Heian dynasty periods)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 일본연구 / 74호 / 427 ~ 445페이지
· 저자명 : 신미진

초록

平安時代の説話集や物語の中でどのように儀禮食である餠が現われているかその実態を明らかにしようとした。 まず、神話の中から穀靈信仰を調べてみた。民間の穀靈信仰の跡を奈良時代に編纂された『風土記』から窺うことができる。‘餅の的’という説話の基底に穀靈信仰と農耕儀禮の深い繋りが想定される。餅即ち穀物は断じてむやみに扱ってはならないもの、神妙な靈性を持っているものとして認識されていたことが分かる。 次に、平安時代の仏教説話集である『日本霊異記』に餠がお寺に布施される供養料として機能している話がみえる。これは穀靈信仰に佛敎が習合したものである。 最後に、誕生と婚礼という人生儀礼の中で餅が持つ意味が大きいことを調べてみた。子どもの誕生後五十日になる日子どもの健康を祝うために拵える‘いかのもち’と、男女が関係を結んでから三日目にその婚姻を公式的なものにするために準備される‘みかよのもち’を通して神話時代から伝承されてきた共食思想と穀靈信仰を窺うことができる。 以上で、古代人は生長する植物、特に稲に偉大な生命力を感じ、呪力が込められていると思い、その穀靈を形象化したものを餅であると信じ、人生儀礼や年中行事に欠かせない重要な儀礼食として拵えたことがわかった。

영어초록

The purpose of this study was to analyze the prototype of the mochi, an embodiment of the grain soul faith, by looking at ancient myths, inherited folk tales, and legendry and monogataries from the Heian Period.
First, the study looked at the grain soul faith in myths. Their traces were found in Fudoki (風土記) published in the Nara Period. At the base of the folk tale called 'Mochinomato (餅の的)' are presented the grain soul faith and the agricultural rituals.
Second, the study looked at the aspects of the ritual food, particularly the rice-based mochi appearing in the literary works from the Heian Period. Nihon Ryoiki', a Buddhist legendry from the Heian Period describes a scene of mochi being offered to a temple as a donation for consecration ceremony. This shows that Buddhism was infused with the grain soul faith in this period.
Third, the study was able to examine the Comeal thought and the grain soul faith which had been passed down from the mythological age through Ikanomochi (五十日餅), which celebrated a child 50 days after birth by preparing the mochi, and Mikayonomochi (三日夜餅), which declared the marriage of a man and a woman official 3 days after their having sex by preparing and sharing the mochi.
Thus, the results of this study showed that the ancient Japanese perceived the great vitality in the growing plants, especially in rice; believed in their mystical power; recognized the embodiment of the grain soul to be the food, the mochi; and regarded it as an important ritual food that should not be absent in rites of life or annual events.

참고자료

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