박제가 기행문의 문예 미학 연구 - 기행문 교육의 심화를 위하여 - (The Aesthetics of Park Je Ga's[朴齊家] Travel Notes)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국고전문학교육학회
· 수록지 정보 : 고전문학과 교육 / 17호 / 5 ~ 36페이지
· 저자명 : 김성룡

초록

중세의 여행은 16세기 후반부터 도학적인 기행으로부터 심미적인 기행으로 전환하기 시작한다. 여행이 이렇게 전환함에 따라 여행의 체험을 적은 기행문도 심미적인 것으로 크게 전환한다. 박제가의 묘향산소기는 20살 무렵 글쓴이가 묘향산을 여행하고 그 느낌을 적은 글인데, 청년기의 감상적인 필치와 함께 미학적인 탐구가 잘 드러난 작품이다. 이 작품은 18세기 기행문의 미학을 매우 잘 드러낸 글이어서 이를 통해 미적 체험으로서의 기행 체험을 살펴볼 수 있는 중요한 자료가 된다. 묘향산은 종교적인 의의, 민족적 의의를 가진 산이지만 박제가는 특히 그 심미적 가치를 중시했다. 박제가는 묘향산의 기이한 물상을 대상으로 하여 쾌감을 느끼는 한편 고독감과 같은 청년기의 감상(感傷)도 느낀다. 기이함과 장쾌함은 18세기 기행문의 일반적인 미적 체험으로서 16세기 도학적인 기행이 엽기(獵奇)를 경계했던 것과 크게 대조된다. 이 기이함은 개개의 경물이 갖고 있는 고유한 독자성을 심미 체험하는 것으로서, 개개의 경물은 넘어 보편적인 가치를 체험하려는 것과는 다르다. 이는 개성을 가진 특수한 것에 대한 미적 체험이 보편적인 가치에 대한 미적 체험보다 더 가치 있다는 발견이어서 그 의의가 크다.

영어초록

In my opinion in Medieval Age it might have not been encouraged to travel either in East Asia or in Western Europe. There were at least three kind of difficulties. First there was an uncivilized area between town and town, city and city. Second, the map couldn't be trustworthy. Third, the equipment incidental to a journey was almost lack. If there were a traveler then we must investigate the reason why he traveled in the wild world in spite of the dangers.

In 1769 Park Je Ga(朴齊家) traveled Mt. Myohyang and he sketched his travel. The travel note named Myo-hyang-san-so-gi(妙香山小記) is not bound in his collections. But I consider this version of small prose as his own work. We can infer there might be some variations of aesthetics from this small prose. And also there might be a boom of sightseeing trip through famous place in the late 18th Century.
Mt. Myohyang is very important place in three point. At first, temple Pohyon(普賢寺) which locates in this mountain is very important in Korean Buddhism. Second there is a cave which is named Tan Gun Gul(檀君窟). It is also important in the history of Korean nationalism. But fundamentally the mountain is as beautiful as it was counted as one of the Four Great Beautiful Mountains.

The beauty of Mt. Myohyang was important for him. In my opinion the sight seeing means the appreciation of famous place in spite of those three dangers or at least those three inconveniences. So the question is that what was the beauty that Park had found. As he wrote that whenever a traveller met a beautiful sight then he should taste it heartily notwithstanding his circumstances or the schedule for his travel. I consider it as an aesthetic experience in sight seeing. Scholars indicate that the aesthetic experience in sight seeing begun in late 17th century. But in 18th century the aesthetic experience in sight seeing was popular and very aesthetic in its literal meaning.

Park discovered two kind of aesthetics one was strangeness and the other was exciting. Strangeness in sightseeing was bound to the life circumstances of literacies in Yi Dynasty. Pleasure was occurred through stirring feeling. These two were not recommended as usual. However, whenever they travel somewhere strange and magnificent they feel so.
Park thought that taste was the very kernel of aesthetics and also the very identity of things. Taste is different from contentment. Intellectuals were brought up to be content with their circumstances, then the nature, the mountains and the rivers representatively, were a mere circumstances. But to Park and sympathizers, they were the main objects of aesthetic experience. Park thought that when we taste a thing we will realize that the taste is the peculiarities of that things. Peculiarities of a thing we feel as its tastes. Every thing has the peculiarities and at the same time we feel every taste from each thing.

Aesthetic experience was the main theme of cultured life. They flocked together to taste the aesthetic objects. They even insisted that articles deluxe would develop the economic life in Yi Dynasty. Aesthetic good would be the economic and practical good. It's a strangeness in the trend of history of Korean thoughts and philosophy, but that is the reason of Park and sympathizers's thoughts.

참고자료

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