駬山廟의 건립과 변천에 대한 연구 (A Study of Construction and Changes of Isanmyo A Study of the History of Isanmyo)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사문화학회
· 수록지 정보 : 지방사와 지방문화 / 16권 / 2호 / 177 ~ 212페이지
· 저자명 : 정영태

초록

駬山廟는 전라북도 지방기념물 제120호로 마이산에 있는데 신라 때 서다산 고려때 용출산 조선태조때 속금산, 태종때마이산이라 명명했다. 마이산은 조선조 이전에는 국태민안과 시화년풍을 기원하는 소사(작은 제사터)로 공인될 만큼 호남의 명산이며 불교에서는구산팔해中 칠금산의 명산으로자연신앙의 대상으로 여겨져 내려왔던 명산이었다.
고려말 李成桂가 전라도 남원 운봉 荒山大捷 후 귀로에 마이산 이산에 잠시 머물렀던 곳이 이산의주필대이며, 순국지사 淵齋 宋秉璿과 애국지사 勉菴 崔益鉉이 호남에서 의병을 일으키고 또한 靜齋 李 錫庸이 1907년에 호남의병을 거병한 곳도 이산의 龍岩이었다. 하여 조선 태조의 유덕과 송병선 최익현의 구국정신을 길이기 위한 기념사당건립을 발의하여 이산정사와 회덕전의 창건이 결의되었다.
연제의 제자인 厚山 李道復은 1925년에 駬山精舍와 懷德殿을 건립하였고, 예성임원을 선임하여제사를 지냈다. 이와 관련하여 1929년 『朝鮮寰輿勝覽』 진안군편의 <院祠>駬山祠에는 14 名賢이등재되어 있고, <宮殿>懷德殿에는 태조 이성계가 마이산을 두고 지은 시가 실려 있다. 이는 1929 년 이전부터 駬山祠와 懷德殿에서 제사를 지냈다는 사적기록이라 할 수 있으며, 필자는 이를 근거로 1925년 이산정사와 회덕전의 낙성 때부터 향사를 지냈을 것으로 생각한다. 그러나 日帝强占期에도 음성적으로 제사를 지냈으며 祠宇管理도 힘들었으나 해방전까지 진안 유림들의 비폭력적 저항운동으로 회덕전이 유지 보존되었다. 해방이 되어서 1946년에 駬山靜舍를 駬山祠로 개칭되었다고 하였으나 필자는 일제강점기에도회덕전의 개선 임원이 계속 선임된 점과 『朝鮮寰輿勝覽』의 史料에 등재된 기록으로 보아 駬山祠가1925년에 懷德殿과 高景閣의 祠堂이 있었으니 이때부터 駬山祠라 호칭되어야 한다고 생각한다.
해방 후 1946년 이산사 중건 사업으로 永慕祠, 永光祠가 건립되어 확장되었고, 懷德殿에 檀君과世宗大王을 추가로 배향했을 뿐만 아니라 永慕祠에 朝鮮名賢 40位를, 永光祠에는 韓末殉國先烈 34 위를 배향하였다. 이후 1948년에 高宗皇帝를 懷德殿으로 추가 배향함으로써 모두 4위를 모셨다. 同 年에 駬山祠는 현재 駬山廟로 개칭되었다.
이산묘는 非禮勿動과 大韓乾坤靑丘日月, 大韓光復紀念碑와 같은 역사적 현장이라 할 수 있으며, 李始榮 부통령 친필의 駬山廟 현판, 申翼熙 친필의 永慕祠 현판, 金九 친필의 永光祠 현판, 大韓光 復紀念碑, 獨立遺功者追慕塔, 湖南義兵倡義同盟團結城址碑 등이 있는 것으로 보아 기념사적 의이와가치가 있다.

영어초록

Isanmyo, province-designated monument 120 of Jeollabuk-do, is located in Maisan(scenic site 12), Jinan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea. Maisan is a well-known mountain which had been recognized officially as a small site for ritual ceremonies for 'national prosperity and the welfare of the people' and ‘perfect peace and fruitful years' before Joseon dynasty was founded. Also, it has been a celebrated mountain to be regarded as the object of the natural faith, and it has been known as one of the 7 golden mountains of 9 mountains and 8 seas around Sumeru mount in Buddhism.
At the end of Goryeo dynasty, Lee, Seong-gyae, the founder of Joseon dynasty, stayed at Jupildae in Maisan on his way back to Seoul after he won the great victory in Hwangsan, Woonbong,Namwon, Jeolla-do. Song, Byeong-seon(Yeonjae, a patriot who died for the country) and Choi, Ik-hyeon(Myeonam, a patriot) raised armies in the cause of justice in Honam area. It was also in Yong-am,Maisan that Lee, Seok-yong (Jeonjae) raised an army to fight against Japan in 1907.
To pay tribute to the memory of King Taejo(Lee, Seong-gyae), the founder of Joseon dynasty, and to honor the patriotic spirit of Song,Byeong-seon and Choi Ik-hyeon, construction of Isanjeongsa and Hoideokjeon was decided. Lee, Dobok(Husan, a disciple of Yeonjae)founded Isanjeongsa and Hoideokjeon in 1925, selected officials to honor the patriots' virtue. With reference to the construction, there are 14 noted sages recorded in the item Isansa of the article, 'Wonsa,' in the Jinan-gun chapter of Joseonhwanyeoseungram published in 1929,and in the item Hoideokjeon of the article 'Gungjeon' there is a poem about Maisan written by King Taejo. It proves historically that there had been ritual ceremonies at Isansa and Hoideokjeon before 1929,with which truth, I, the author, insist that they began to perform the ritual services in 1925 when Isanjeonsa and Hoideokjeon were completely founded. The ritual services were continuously performed even during the Japanese ruling period by force. Considering it was difficult to maintain them in that period, they were performed as a resistance movement by the Confucian scholars in Jinan region until the liberation with the lesson that the great cause between sovereign and subject comes from human nature, so it can not be oppressed by any pacification.
It is said that Isanjeongsa was renamed to Isansa in 1946 after the liberation, but I think it must have been called Isansa from 1925 in the respects that the officials were continuously appointed to maintain Hoideokjeon during the Japanese ruling period, and there is a record in Joseonhwanyeoseungram that there were Hoideokjeon and the ritual shrine for Go, Gyeong-gak at Isansa in 1925.
After the liberation from Japan, Isansa was renovated. Yeongmosa and Yeonggwangsa were founded to expand Isansa. In addition, the ancestral tablets of Dangun and King Sejong were enshrined at Hoideokjeon, those of 40 noted sages of Joseon dynasty were enshrined at Yeongmosa, and those of 34 patriots who died for the country at the end of Korean Empire were shrined at Yeonggwangsa.
In 1948, the ancestral tablet of the last Emperor Gojong was shrined at Hoideokjeon, so 4 ancestral tablets are enshrined at it. In the same year, Isansa was renamed to the present name, Isanmyo.
Isanmyo is a historical heritage scene just like Biryaemuldong,Maidongcheon, Daehangeongoncheongguilwol, and Jupildae. It has monumental meanings and value as it has many significant and valuable remains such as the hanging board of Isanmyo written by Vice President of Korea, that of Yeongmosa written by Shin, Ik-hee,that of Yeonggwangsa written by Kim, Gu, The Monument of Korea Liberation, the Tower Honoring for the Men of Merit for the Liberation, and The Monument Honoring Uniting Allies of Loyal Troops of Honam Area.

참고자료

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