고려시대 관인층의 장례기간 분석 -묘지명 자료를 중심으로- (An Analysis of Duration of Funeral of Bureaucrats' Family in the Goryeo Dynasty -Focused on Data regarding Cemetery Name-)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사교육학회
· 수록지 정보 : 역사교육논집 / 59호 / 81 ~ 129페이지
· 저자명 : 박진훈

초록

There are 240 cases in total in which we can understand the duration of the funerals of bureaucrats and their family in the Goryeo Dynasty through their cemetery names. In all the four cases up to the Jeongjong time, the funerals were conducted within one month after death. But, all of them have one point in common that they were reburied since then. The duration of the funerals from the Munjong time when the cremation was generalized was one to three months and three to six months, and this tendency continued even up to the Sukjong time. In the Yejong time, all the seven funerals had the duration of the funeral longer than three months with even distribution in the duration. In the Injong time, the funerals showed the diversified period shorter than one month to longer than two years, and this tendency continued up to even the Uijong period. However, in the Uijong period, almost one person out of every four persons held the funeral within one month, while 30.4% did longer than one year. Therefore, it can be said that the duration of the funerals in the Uijong time showed a variety of distribution by duration, but the polarization of the duration was widen. As the culture of lineage developed during this period, the formal funerals became complicated, which resulted in the increase of the duration of the funerals, while the bureaucrats’ families who conducted the funeral within short terms were increased because of economic difficulty.
In the case that the duration of the funerals is shorter than one month, the cremation rate is only 16.7%, and the longer the duration, the cremation rate increases and all the funerals longer than 6-9 months were cremated without exception. For the funerals longer than nine months, the cremation rate was reduced again.
During the period of Military Rule in the Goryeo Dynasty, the rate of funerals with the short-term less than three months increased sharply, and in turn, that with the long-term decreased sharply. In particular, the rate of the funerals with the duration longer than one year was only 6.3%, which declined by nearly 23% compared to the former period of the Goryeo Dynasty. Even in the case of short-term funeral, the funeral shorter than one month occupied more than a majority. This phenomenon appeared from the Myeongjong time and continued throughout the period of Military Rule. Also, it was indicated that all funerals longer than six months were cremated.
In the later period of the Goryeo Dynasty, the rate of the funerals with the duration less than three months increased to 90.6% from 77.8%, the rate in the period of Military Rule. Meanwhile, the funerals less than the duration of one month decreased by about 15% compared to the period of Military Rule, while the funerals with the duration of one to three months increased by 27% or more. From this tendency, it can be understood that while the trend of conducting short-term funerals continued, the bureaucrats’ families conducting the funerals with the duration of approximately one to three months increased rather than very short funerals, as the society regained its stability after the war with Mongolia.
Coming into the later period of the Goryeo Dynasty, the expansion of the Yeomyo system (廬墓制) and the proliferation of social atmosphere that the chief mourner should have done the yeomyo(廬墓) by himself dampened the Buddhist funeral system. Also, even if not the Buddhist funeral, these factors applied the pressure to the long duration of funerals and make them shortened. Shortening of the duration of the funerals affected on the cremation to almost disappear. It also affected on the funeral ceremony. While the duration of the funeral became shorter, the ceremony was omitted or reduced. The funeral ceremony and the tools became more frugal than before. In some cases, it appeared that the name of cemetery, which had been prepared before the burial, were prepared after burying a body.

영어초록

There are 240 cases in total in which we can understand the duration of the funerals of bureaucrats and their family in the Goryeo Dynasty through their cemetery names. In all the four cases up to the Jeongjong time, the funerals were conducted within one month after death. But, all of them have one point in common that they were reburied since then. The duration of the funerals from the Munjong time when the cremation was generalized was one to three months and three to six months, and this tendency continued even up to the Sukjong time. In the Yejong time, all the seven funerals had the duration of the funeral longer than three months with even distribution in the duration. In the Injong time, the funerals showed the diversified period shorter than one month to longer than two years, and this tendency continued up to even the Uijong period. However, in the Uijong period, almost one person out of every four persons held the funeral within one month, while 30.4% did longer than one year. Therefore, it can be said that the duration of the funerals in the Uijong time showed a variety of distribution by duration, but the polarization of the duration was widen. As the culture of lineage developed during this period, the formal funerals became complicated, which resulted in the increase of the duration of the funerals, while the bureaucrats’ families who conducted the funeral within short terms were increased because of economic difficulty.
In the case that the duration of the funerals is shorter than one month, the cremation rate is only 16.7%, and the longer the duration, the cremation rate increases and all the funerals longer than 6-9 months were cremated without exception. For the funerals longer than nine months, the cremation rate was reduced again.
During the period of Military Rule in the Goryeo Dynasty, the rate of funerals with the short-term less than three months increased sharply, and in turn, that with the long-term decreased sharply. In particular, the rate of the funerals with the duration longer than one year was only 6.3%, which declined by nearly 23% compared to the former period of the Goryeo Dynasty. Even in the case of short-term funeral, the funeral shorter than one month occupied more than a majority. This phenomenon appeared from the Myeongjong time and continued throughout the period of Military Rule. Also, it was indicated that all funerals longer than six months were cremated.
In the later period of the Goryeo Dynasty, the rate of the funerals with the duration less than three months increased to 90.6% from 77.8%, the rate in the period of Military Rule. Meanwhile, the funerals less than the duration of one month decreased by about 15% compared to the period of Military Rule, while the funerals with the duration of one to three months increased by 27% or more. From this tendency, it can be understood that while the trend of conducting short-term funerals continued, the bureaucrats’ families conducting the funerals with the duration of approximately one to three months increased rather than very short funerals, as the society regained its stability after the war with Mongolia.
Coming into the later period of the Goryeo Dynasty, the expansion of the Yeomyo system (廬墓制) and the proliferation of social atmosphere that the chief mourner should have done the yeomyo(廬墓) by himself dampened the Buddhist funeral system. Also, even if not the Buddhist funeral, these factors applied the pressure to the long duration of funerals and make them shortened. Shortening of the duration of the funerals affected on the cremation to almost disappear. It also affected on the funeral ceremony. While the duration of the funeral became shorter, the ceremony was omitted or reduced. The funeral ceremony and the tools became more frugal than before. In some cases, it appeared that the name of cemetery, which had been prepared before the burial, were prepared after burying a body.

참고자료

· 없음