한국전쟁기 <경향신문>의 문화면과 김광주의 글쓰기 (Cultural Section of "The Kyunghyang Shinmun" and Kim, Gwnag-ju's Writing during the Korean War Period)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국문학이론과비평학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국문학이론과 비평 / 16권 / 1호 / 337 ~ 367페이지
· 저자명 : 최미진

초록

이 글은 한국전쟁기 문인언론인의 활동에 대한 연구의 출발점으로 『경향신문』의 문화면을 대상으로 문화부장으로 재직했던 김광주의 역할과 글쓰기 특성을 연동하여 고찰하는 데 목적을 두었다. 전시 상황에서 언론에 대한 철저한 검열을 통해 사상 통제와 비판적 언로를 기도했던 정치권력, 열악한 물적ㆍ인적 기반을 극복하고 창간이념을 지켜나가려 했던 신문사의 의지, 그리고 폐쇄일로의 문화담론과 문학창작에 활로를 모색했던 문인언론인이 서로 다른 요구를 수렴하고 타협하는 제과정을 보여주었다. 이는 「경향신문」의 문화면을 다른 신문들과 차별화시키는 요건으로 작용하였다.
한국전쟁기 「경향신문」의 문화면에서 김광주의 두드러진 역할은 작가 주도로 신설한 <자유란>을 시작으로 전쟁으로 고통 받는 독자들과 소통하는 창구를 열어갔다는 점, 국가주의와 연동한 신문사의 기획 사업을 추진하면서 위축된 문화담론을 활성화하고 다양화시켰다는 점, 문학 창작열을 고취하고 그 활로를 여는 데 앞장섰다는 점에서 찾을 수 있었다. 문화면 담당자로서 국가와 신문사의 요구를 수렴하면서도 신문 독자와 문화인을 위한 새로운 활로를 마련한 점은 주목할 만하였다.
이시기 「경향신문」에 발표된 김광주의 글쓰기는 신문매체와 문단, 작가의 역학관계를 잘 드러나는 지점을 보여주었다. 국가에 동원된 글쓰기와 일상세계의 경험적 글쓰기로 크게 나누어볼 수 있었다. 전자는 국가주의에 복무하는 성격을 강하게 띠면서도 균열적인 시각을 드러내고 있었다. 휴전 협정이 이루어졌던 시기 국가적 폭력에 대한 날선 균열들은 순응에서 타협으로의 태도 변화를 보여주었다. 그리고 후자는 1ㆍ4후퇴 이후 독자와 경험을 공유하는 소통의 한 방식으로 의의를 지니고 있었는데, 작가의 피난 체험과 폭행사건이라는 체험에 기반하고 있었다. 특히 작가의 폭행사건은 국가와 문단에 대한 불신을 초래한 사건이면서 세인에게 작가를 각인시키는 계기로도 작용하였다. 이는 문인언론인의 책무에서 벗어난 전후 다작의 한 기반이 되었을 것이라 여겨졌다.

영어초록

This paper aims at examining the cultural section of "The Kyunghyang Shinmun" during the Korean War, in connection with the role and the writing styles of Kim, Gwang-ju, who was the Chief of the Cultural Section of the newspaper.
His roles in the cultural columns of "The Kyunghyang Shinmun" were outstanding in three ways. First, writers took the lead in opening up communication channels with readers who were suffering from the war. Through different formats of <Freedom Column> at first, and then <Womens' Salon> and <Kyunghyang Salon>, writers were leading the efforts to deal with the plight of readers and to answer their questions. Second, they revitalized the cultural discourse which had been put on the back burner due to the special projects undertaken by newspaper companies in line with nationalism. Feature articles, round-table talks and the year-around projects that were all begun with the increase of the number of pages of "The Kyunghyang Shinmun" provided a good opportunity to check the reality and renew the overall cultural affairs during the Korean War period. Third, writers were at the forefront of encouraging creative writing and very active in opening the doors. Their struggles to secure space for a regular column sometimes ended up with being filled with newspaper writers' works, but these efforts significantly paved the way for other writers to create their own works.
The works of Kim, Gwang-ju published in "The Kyunghyang Shinmun" during this period clearly showed the dynamics of the newspaper media, the literary circles and writers. His writings can be generally divided into the writings mobilized by the nation and the others written about the everyday life. The works he created for the nation took the form of editorial columns or book reviews, conforming to the sense of nationalism and even deemed as a device to represent his ideology, but when it comes to censorship, he expressed different views. He raised issues about the qualification for censors and the criteria for censorship, while showing his deceitful self-portraits. He did his utmost as a leader in making propaganda against communism at the beginning of the Korean War, but he did not overlook the violent logic by the time when the armistice agreement was about to be signed.
The experiential writing about daily life, which was conspicuous in his literary works created after the South Korea's retreat on January 4, 1951, was used as a way of communication to share his experiences with readers. This was connected with the two mechanisms of despair he experienced. The former was experienced when he had to flee leaving his grandmother behind, and the latter was the violence against the writer himself. The first despair, represented in his short stories connected with the impoverished refugee life, deeply touched the emotions of readers at the time, while the other experience intensified his despair of power and people, revealing itself with an unconventional writing style at a time when essays were the prevailing form of writing. Kim, Gwang-ju, however, tried to writing a serial story in a newspaper, receiving both literary criticism and expectations. The above shows that the Korean War Period was the time for Kim, Gwang-ju when there was a balance between the nation, newspaper media and literary activities of the writer.

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