폭력의 기억과 재현 - 청말 민초 역사소설에 드러난 대학살의 정치학 (Violence in Memory and Representation: The Politics of Massacres in Late Qing Historical Fiction)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 중국어문학연구회
· 수록지 정보 : 중국어문학논집 / 97호 / 237 ~ 261페이지
· 저자명 : 서유진

초록

This essay examines how massacres function as essential motifs in late Qing narratives as a means to justify the various political positions of the literati. My primary texts are historical novels which include examples of earlier atrocities, such as those that occurred in the Song-Yuan and Ming-Qing transitions. For instance, Wu Jianren’s A History of Pain (1903-06) represents the Mongol invasion of the Southern Song and details one typical form of barbarian massacre. On the other hand, “Ten Days in Yangzhou” and “The Massacre in Jiading,” the first-person records of Manchu atrocities in 1645, distinguish themselves from the descriptions of the historical novels, which reproduce the calamities of national crisis with specific events and individual witnesses. The circulation of the forbidden books offer distinct interpretations that align with the differing political needs of literati groups. Hereby, I propose that memories of massacres and their various forms of reproduction testify to the political contexts of late Qing China.
By pointing out contradictory historical interpretations, I argue that the authors of historical novels advanced a moralistic mission: the renovation of contemporary China. Huang Xiaopei, the author of A Chronicle of Hong Xiuquan (1905-06), believed that anti-Manchuism was necessary to deliver China from national collapse and racial extinction; as a result, he abstained from illustrating the massacre which broke out in the capital of the Heavenly Kingdom. As a supporter of Han Chinese nationalism, he created an alternative historical narrative and sympathized with members of the Taiping regime. Wu Jianren had a different moralistic reason for fabricating history. He deliberated on the origins of intensifying historical calamities. His conclusion emerges as he modifies historical events; most representatively, he punishes the national traitor Jia Sidao by consigning the villain to a humiliating death. Ultimately, historical lessons prevail over historical reconstruction: this dynamic reflects the literati mindset present in the construction of the historical novel.

영어초록

This essay examines how massacres function as essential motifs in late Qing narratives as a means to justify the various political positions of the literati. My primary texts are historical novels which include examples of earlier atrocities, such as those that occurred in the Song-Yuan and Ming-Qing transitions. For instance, Wu Jianren’s A History of Pain (1903-06) represents the Mongol invasion of the Southern Song and details one typical form of barbarian massacre. On the other hand, “Ten Days in Yangzhou” and “The Massacre in Jiading,” the first-person records of Manchu atrocities in 1645, distinguish themselves from the descriptions of the historical novels, which reproduce the calamities of national crisis with specific events and individual witnesses. The circulation of the forbidden books offer distinct interpretations that align with the differing political needs of literati groups. Hereby, I propose that memories of massacres and their various forms of reproduction testify to the political contexts of late Qing China.
By pointing out contradictory historical interpretations, I argue that the authors of historical novels advanced a moralistic mission: the renovation of contemporary China. Huang Xiaopei, the author of A Chronicle of Hong Xiuquan (1905-06), believed that anti-Manchuism was necessary to deliver China from national collapse and racial extinction; as a result, he abstained from illustrating the massacre which broke out in the capital of the Heavenly Kingdom. As a supporter of Han Chinese nationalism, he created an alternative historical narrative and sympathized with members of the Taiping regime. Wu Jianren had a different moralistic reason for fabricating history. He deliberated on the origins of intensifying historical calamities. His conclusion emerges as he modifies historical events; most representatively, he punishes the national traitor Jia Sidao by consigning the villain to a humiliating death. Ultimately, historical lessons prevail over historical reconstruction: this dynamic reflects the literati mindset present in the construction of the historical novel.

참고자료

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