한말·일제하 김해지역 민족운동과 사회운동 (The National and Social Movement in Gimhae in Late Joseon Dynasty and Colonial Era)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 역사문화학회
· 수록지 정보 : 지방사와 지방문화 / 17권 / 2호 / 219 ~ 288페이지
· 저자명 : 김승

초록

일제시기 군·면 단위의 지역은 식민지 민중의 일상적인 삶이 실현되는 공간이었다. 따라서 일제시기 지역민들의 삶을 이해하기 위해서는 군·면 단위에서 전개된 지역민들의 다양한 삶의 형태에 대한 연구의 필요성이 제기된다. 경남 동부지역에 위치한 김해는 일제시기 민족운동과 사회운동의 역량이 강했던 곳이다. 그러나 기존의 김해지역 연구에서는 농민운동에 초점이 맞추어져 있었기 때문에 정작 일제시기 민족운동과 사회운동의 배수지 역할을 하였던 청년운동에 대해서는 깊이 있게 다루지를 못했다. 따라서 본고는 선행 연구들에서 미흡했던 청년운동을 중심으로 김해지역의 민족운동과 사회운동을 살펴보고자 한다. 논지의 전개는 먼저 한말 김해지역에서 전개되었던 애국계몽운동을 통해 김해지역 여론주도층의 동향과 각 인물들의 출신 배경을 살펴봄으로써 일제시기 김해지역 활동가들의 인적 관계를 짚어보고자 하였다. 나아가 일제시기 김해지역의 청년운동가들에 대한 구체적인 분석을 통해 천도교와 기독교 계열의 활동가들이 많았음을 밝히고, ‘김해형평사사건’을 통해서는 김해청년회가 직면했던 현실적 어려움을 살펴보았다. 한편 김해청년회와 김해교육회 중심으로 진행된 합성학교 유지운동을 통해서는 최근 논의되고 있는 ‘식민지 공공성’ 문제와 관련해서 김해지역 사회내부의 갈등관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 김해지역의 청년운동은 1927년 8월 청년동맹이 결성된 이후 면 단위의 지부조직들을 정비함으로써 김해지역 사회운동의 핵심적 역할을 수행하게 된다. 본고는 한말로부터 신간회가 해소되는 시기까지 김해지역의 민족운동과 사회운동의 흐름을 분석함으로써 1930년대 김해지역의 혁명적 농민운동이 출현할 수 있었던 배경이 무엇이었는지 밝히고자 하였다.

영어초록

Matters that we can confirm from the racial and social movement in Gimhae area in the Late Chosun Dynasty and the Japanese colonial era are as follows.
During the patriotic enlightenment movement in the late Chosun Dynasty, branches of Daehan Jaganghoi and Daehan Association were formed. The only places in which the branches of these two societies were formed in Gimhae and Dongrae. The facts that we come to understand from the members of these two societies were while there were a few people from Guangju Ahn and Guangju Roh, who can be called as the gentry class, there were a lot of those who were from Bunseong Bae, the Hyangri class, and Gimhae Heo, the Sinhyang class. In particular, the influences of two families, Bea and Heo, seem to be continued until the Japanese colonial era. This can be identified from the fact that there were a lot of people from the two families involved in the publication of the history of Gimhae issued in April, 1929.
The contrast of these people was members of Gyonam educational association in Gimhae. While I could identify only a few members of Gyonam educational association, most of them were Guangju Ahn and Guangju Ron, the gentry class, and Gimhea Heo, the Sinhyang class. In other words, local elites who valued an old custom were the center of the Gimhae branch of Gyonam educational association whereas the Hyangri class from Bae family was not involved in the association. From this, we could understand that there were invisible boundary and competition between the gentry class and hyangri class in Gimhea region in the Late Chosun Dynasty.
Second, when it comes to the Gukchae-bosang movement, there was more organized movement in Myeongi-myeon, a town suburb, than in the town. Myeongji-myeon also had Dongmyeong School, which was the biggest school in Gimhae, which was possible due to the economic foundation generated from the development of salt pond. Hapseong School in the town and Joyangeuisook run by Guangju Roh family in Sangrim-myeon were among the most representative private schools in Gimhae. Hapseong School established by the Gimhae church was taken over by Gimhae young adult group due to a financial difficulty in 1920. However, after 1926, it became a subject of a conflict regarding the foundation of Gimhae public agricultural school with the preparatory association for establishing agricultural school. This was mainly due to a power struggle among associations and wealthy local farmer class who wanted to expand their power.
Third, another important feature that we need to note with regard to Gimhae young adult group is that those who believed Christianity and Catholic were leading the young adult movement in the first half of the 1920s. The fact that those who believed in Christianity were actively involved in many associations suggests they accepted Christian socialism to some extent. They were able to have an active role since those who believed Cheondogyo were from Cheondogyo innovation sector or an old Cheondogyo rather than a new Cheondogyo.
Fourth, ideological organizations were formed after 1923; Jesa Association and Bukguang Association in the town of Gimhae and Baesu Association in Jinyoung. These ideological groups were a driving force of leading the innovation of young adult movement and the social movement driven from the proletariat public. Conflict between two factions was resolved in some degree since the foundation of Gimhae young adult alliance and Singan association Gimhae branch after August, 1927.
Fifth, many of Gimhae young adult alliance were involved in Gimhae agricultural union and Singan association Gimhae branch. Therefore, the young adult movement, agricultural movement and Singan association after 1928 were able to be run in a close bond. The power of a close solidarity among social organizations, particularly Gimhae young adult group, was a foundation of innovative agricultural union movement in the first half of the 1930s.
Lastly, the fact that we need to take into account to learn Gimhae area is that those from Roh, Ahn and Heo from local elites, and Bae from Hyangri class took a major role in the racial and social movement in Gimhae in the Japanese colonial era. In particular, there were a lot of important figures from Bae family not only for progressive figures, but also conservative figures as the most representative local elite. This can be an important keyword in understanding the society of Gimhae.

참고자료

· 없음