고려말 사대부의 일본 인식과 문화 교류 (The scholar-officials' perception of Japan and cutural Interchange in the ending days of the Goryeo dynasty)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국사상사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국사상사학 / 32호 / 191 ~ 221페이지
· 저자명 : 도현철

초록

고려말 사대부는 왜구를 분열된 일본의 일부로 파악하고, 왜구를 방비하고 고려인 포로의 송환 문제를 해결하고자 하였다. 그러나, 외교 교섭에 의한 왜구 단속에 한계를 느끼고, 점차 군사적인 대비책을 강구하였다.
처음, 고려는 2차례에 걸친 여몽연합군의 일본 원정과 왜구의 국토 유린을 통하여 일본과 왜를 동일시하였다. 하지만, 점차 남북조의 분열이라는 정치적 상황을 파악하고, 일본과 왜를 분리하여 이해하기 시작하였다.
사대부들은 유학의 화이론를 바탕으로 일본의 역사와 문화의 고유성을 인정하였다. 이들은 일본 승려와의 교류가 빈번하였는데, 이단에 비판적인 성리학을 받아들였어도, 일본 승려에 대하여 적대적이지 않았다. 유교와 불교가 궁극적으로 같다는 유불동도론을 견지한 결과였다. 당시 일본과의 외교 교섭에서 상대는 불교 승려였는데, 불교와 같은 이단에 비판적인 인물은 사신에서 배제되기도 하였다.
고려 사대부와 일본 승려의 만남은 시문교류, 대장경 전래, 이질문화 체험 등을 통하여 한일 양국 당대 최고의 지적 교류를 갖게 하였고, 조선시대 한일 교류의 토대가 되었다.

영어초록

In the ending days of the Goryeo dynasty, the scholar-officials(the Sa-Daebu figures) perceived the Japanese Waegu pirates as a product of the divided Japanese society, so they tried to resolve the issue of the Goryeo captives' return and stage defense against the pirates, by going through certain diplomatic negotiations. Yet as time went on, it became clear that trying to contain the pirates problem with diplomatic talks was actually going nowhere, so pursuit of other military solutions began.
At first, Goryeo's prior attempts of campaigning in Japan(allied with the Mongol forces), and Japanese pirates' pillaging of the Goryeo territory in later days, led Goryeo people to perceive Japan and the Waegu pirates as same entities, and have a hostile feeling against Japan. Yet the Goryeo people came to understand the internal political situation inside Japan, which was divided into the North and the South, so they began to discern Japan from the Waegu pirates.
The scholar-officials acknowledged Japan's own history and culture, based upon their understanding of Confucianism's Hwa-Ih-ron theory(the theory of the civilized and the barbarians). They had an active relationship with the Japanese Buddhist priests, and even with their affiliation with Neo-Confucianism which did not embrace heresy, their attitude toward the Japanese priests were not hostile, because they maintained the understanding that the nature of Confucianism and Buddhism was actually the same in their origin. The Goryeo people's counterpart in diplomatic negotiations with Japan were the Japanese Buddhist priests, and people who were critical of Buddhism(as heresy) were excluded from being part of the Goryeo envoy headed for Japan.
The encounters between the Goryeo dynasty scholar-officials and the Japanese Buddhist priests displayed an intellectual exchange of poems, grand scriptures and other experiences in the other side's culture, at the most highest level. Such exchanges paved the way for further relations between Korea and Japan.

참고자료

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