중국 마르크스주의 역사학의 민족담론 분석― 뤼전위(呂振羽)의 민족사 연구를 중심으로 ― (An Analysis on the National Discourse in Chinese Marxist History— Focusing on the Study of National History by Lu Zhenyu(呂振羽) —)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 이화여자대학교 이화사학연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 이화사학연구 / 67호 / 173 ~ 210페이지
· 저자명 : 최은진

초록

This paper attempts to analyze how the national issues dealt within the Chinese Marxist historiography were characterized by examining Lu Zhenyu's researches on national history. Experiencing the Social history debates in the 1930s, Lu Zhenyu converted to Marxism and joined the Chinese Communist Party and tried to institutionalize Marxist history. Throughout the Anti-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War, and even after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, his stance was in line with the Chinese Communist Party and Mao Zedong's policies on the nation. Opposing Kuomintang and Japan's national discourses, Lu accused them of being fascist and criticized their imperialistic view point based on lineage theory and race theory. Unlike Chiang Kai-shek, Lu stood for equality between ethnic groups and emphasized the role of minorities in history. This can be understood to have formed a discourse system by incorporating the process of establishing the Chinese Communist Party's perspectives of the national issue in regard to Stalin's national issue.
Although his book, A Brief History of Chinese people, was an introductory book, it took the role of the ethnic groups in the development of Chinese history as an economic community based on the Marxist approach. It was also a pioneering effort to systematize and institutionalize researches through supplementation of historical materials and actual surveys. He particularly paid attention to how the economic and social structures of each ethnic group were related in the five stages of Marx’s historical development theory. This led to the explanation of each ethnic group’s contribution in the economic growth. Lu believed that assimilation could promote the historical development process when the technology possessed by the Han people(漢族) and the resources of minorities were combined. He also saw positive aspects of wars on the economic development process. Likewise, from his perspective, the role of ethnicity could be evaluated positively when contributing on economic development. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as a member of the Nationality Committee and found political support among high-ranking officials. Especially, with the encouragement of Zhou Enlai, Lu's study of national history moved toward presenting historical grounds for supporting regional autonomy.
National convergence was explained based on the assimilation process between ethnic groups, highlighting the positive aspects of the mixed habitation between the Han Chinese and ethnic minorities, and presenting this as the historical basis for why federalism could not be implemented in China. Even though he had stressed ethnic equity during the anti-Japanese period, after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, it became clearer that his emphasis moved to unity of all the ethnic groups within the territory rather than national independence and he asserted the inevitability of regional autonomy.
Overall, Lu's study on national history showed an example of Marxist historiography's response to national issues in the process of revolution and nation-building. In the political landscape of anti-Japanese and civil war, he tried to form an academically leading discourse on national issues and to suggest a path for research based on the Marxist perspective. This was accomplished within the framework of the institutionalization and systemization of Marxist history. However, it was difficult to maintain the academic achievements that embodied the perspective of ethnic equity during the anti-Japanese war and civil war without finding a way to resolve the tension arising from the incongruity between Marxist theory and Chinese reality.

영어초록

This paper attempts to analyze how the national issues dealt within the Chinese Marxist historiography were characterized by examining Lu Zhenyu's researches on national history. Experiencing the Social history debates in the 1930s, Lu Zhenyu converted to Marxism and joined the Chinese Communist Party and tried to institutionalize Marxist history. Throughout the Anti-Japanese War and the Chinese Civil War, and even after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, his stance was in line with the Chinese Communist Party and Mao Zedong's policies on the nation. Opposing Kuomintang and Japan's national discourses, Lu accused them of being fascist and criticized their imperialistic view point based on lineage theory and race theory. Unlike Chiang Kai-shek, Lu stood for equality between ethnic groups and emphasized the role of minorities in history. This can be understood to have formed a discourse system by incorporating the process of establishing the Chinese Communist Party's perspectives of the national issue in regard to Stalin's national issue.
Although his book, A Brief History of Chinese people, was an introductory book, it took the role of the ethnic groups in the development of Chinese history as an economic community based on the Marxist approach. It was also a pioneering effort to systematize and institutionalize researches through supplementation of historical materials and actual surveys. He particularly paid attention to how the economic and social structures of each ethnic group were related in the five stages of Marx’s historical development theory. This led to the explanation of each ethnic group’s contribution in the economic growth. Lu believed that assimilation could promote the historical development process when the technology possessed by the Han people(漢族) and the resources of minorities were combined. He also saw positive aspects of wars on the economic development process. Likewise, from his perspective, the role of ethnicity could be evaluated positively when contributing on economic development. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he served as a member of the Nationality Committee and found political support among high-ranking officials. Especially, with the encouragement of Zhou Enlai, Lu's study of national history moved toward presenting historical grounds for supporting regional autonomy.
National convergence was explained based on the assimilation process between ethnic groups, highlighting the positive aspects of the mixed habitation between the Han Chinese and ethnic minorities, and presenting this as the historical basis for why federalism could not be implemented in China. Even though he had stressed ethnic equity during the anti-Japanese period, after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, it became clearer that his emphasis moved to unity of all the ethnic groups within the territory rather than national independence and he asserted the inevitability of regional autonomy.
Overall, Lu's study on national history showed an example of Marxist historiography's response to national issues in the process of revolution and nation-building. In the political landscape of anti-Japanese and civil war, he tried to form an academically leading discourse on national issues and to suggest a path for research based on the Marxist perspective. This was accomplished within the framework of the institutionalization and systemization of Marxist history. However, it was difficult to maintain the academic achievements that embodied the perspective of ethnic equity during the anti-Japanese war and civil war without finding a way to resolve the tension arising from the incongruity between Marxist theory and Chinese reality.

참고자료

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