고대 일본의 여우 이미지와 신앙에 관하여 –『니혼료이키日本霊異記』의 여우설화를 중심으로– (For fox image and faith in ancient Japan - with a focus on a fox of the narrative of "Nihon Ryoiki" -)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국외국어대학교 일본연구소
· 수록지 정보 : 일본연구 / 66호 / 171 ~ 194페이지
· 저자명 : 홍성목

초록

本稿は『霊異記』に伝えられるキツネに関する説話を中心に、『霊異記』成立前後にまとめられた諸文献の中にあらわれるキツネ像との比較分析を通じて、古代日本のキツネのイメージと信仰の考察を試みたものである。『霊異記』にあらわれるキツネは、不思議な能力を持って人に変化したり、憑依したりするなど、様々なイメージをもっており、またキツネの穴と関わる何らかの信仰あるいは風習が存在したと思われる。『霊異記』以前に成立した日本上代文学作品の中にはキツネに関する神話や伝承はほとんどなく、大陸の影響を受けたものと思われる祥瑞の象徴としての白いキツネの記述と、キツネの鳴き声を吉凶の前兆ととらえる記述のみ伝えられるだけである。朝廷によって編纂された緒歴史書によれば、初期こそ白いキツネと黒いキツネを祥瑞の動物として認識していたとみられるが、時代が下るにつれキツネのイメージは単なる動物、しかも人の住処に侵入するやっかいな獣として、狩られて退治される姿に変わっていったと考えられる。ところが、『霊異記』のキツネ関連の説話を考慮すれば、民間伝承の中のキツネは不思議な能力を持ち備える存在として人々に認識されてきたことが推測できる。 平安時代に入って稲荷明神は朝廷と百姓に尊重されるようになり、稲荷信仰は全国に広まっていく。『稲荷流記』に伝える霊狐譚から、キツネと稲荷信仰とが融合していく過程を確認することができる。また伏見稲荷神社の社伝に登場する命婦社のキツネの穴のエピソードと、『霊異記』の説話とをあわせて考慮すれば、稲荷信仰が成立する以前からキツネの穴に人々が何らかの信仰あるいは目的で訪れる風習が存在したことが推測できると思われる。そして、これは日本固有のキツネのイメージと、大陸伝来のキツネのイメージとが融合していく過渡期をよく示しているといえよう。

영어초록

This paper in the center of the narrative about the fox to tell the "Ryoiki", through the comparison and analysis of the fox image appearing on the various documents before and after the establishment "Ryoiki", in which an attempt is made to consider the faith and the image of the ancient Japanese fox is there. Fox that appears in the "Ryoiki" is, or change to a person to have a mysterious ability, such as possession, have a variety of images. And faith or customs on the fox hole was also present. In Japan, retail price literature was established to "Ryoiki" earlier, myths and lore almost no about the fox, is believed to have affected the continent, and the white fox of description as a symbol of good omen, fox cries of fortune it is only reportedly statement that represents the aura only. The history books that have been compiled by the court, it is early had been captured with the white fox and black fox the good omen of animal, fox image as the era go down just in nasty animals entering the Human habitat areas, hunted state in which it evolves to figure that is getting rid of are marked. However, considering the fox narrative of "Ryoiki", fox in the folklore could guess that has been recognized as the presence with a mysterious ability.
Entered the Heian period, Inari God be respected from the court and the peasant, we would like is widely believed in Japan. In the spirit fox story to tell in "Inari Ryuki", you can see the process of fox and Inari faith is going to fusion. In addition, when the story of the myōbu shrine's fox hole to tell the Fushimi Inari shrine consider to fit the narrative of "Ryoiki", custom of people in any faith or purpose from before the Inari faith is satisfied visit the holes in the fox but it can be assumed to have existed. This is the image of the image and the continent legacy of the fox of Japan specific fox can be said that shows well the process to continue to fusion.

참고자료

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