유식불교의 심리치료적 특징 고찰 - 선행연구 분석과 연구방향 모색 - (Characteristics of Consciousness-only Buddhism from Perspective of Psychotherapy: Research Trends Analysis and Proposal)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 인도철학회
· 수록지 정보 : 인도철학 / 45호 / 97 ~ 130페이지
· 저자명 : 박재용

초록

본 연구는 유식불교의 심리치료적 특징을 이에 대한 선행연구에 기반하여 제시하고자 한다. 유식불교의 핵심 사상은 알라야식, 삼성설, 유식성(유식관)의 세 가지로 꼽을 수 있는데, 이를 심리치료와 연관시켜 연구한 선행연구를 분석·고찰해보았다.
알라야식은 정신분석학·분석심리학에 대한 비교 연구가 가장 많았는데 주로 무의식과 비교하고 있으며, 삼성설은 분석심리학, 인지치료와 연결시키고 있는데 특히 삼성설에서 전환의 논리는 인지치료와 밀접하게 연관시킬 수 있다. 마지막으로 유식성(유식관)은 인지치료와 관련된 연구가 행해져 임상에서 사용되고 있는 사례가 있음에도 전반적으로 미미한 수준이다.
그렇지만 유식성에 대한 논의는 유식수행과 밀접한 관계가 있으므로 앞으로 이 분야에 대한 연구가 기대된다. 특히 유식은 언어에 대한 반성을 수단으로 하는 수행이자 고도의 언어철학이므로 이를 향후 심리언어학이나 인지치료와 연결시킨다면 유식불교 고유의 심리치료 기제가 개발되리라 본다.

영어초록

The objective of this study is to identify psychotherapy-related characteristics of Consciousness-only Buddhism. Consciousness-only Buddhism has three core ideas: ālaya-vijñāna, the three nature theory (samseongseol), and vijñaptimātrata. We examine these ideas in context of current research on Consciousness-only Buddhism. By analyzing research trend on the relationship between Consciousness-only Buddhism and psychotherapy, we discuss how the three core ideas can be linked to psychotherapy. The analysis results showed that the most frequently conducted research was on a comparison between ālaya-vijñāna and psychoanalysis·analytical psychology, followed by research that linked the three nature theory to analytical psychology, cognitive therapy, and counseling psychology. Some studies connected vijñaptimātrata to cognitive therapy and meditation programs, but in a meaningful depth. Previous studies show that research on psychotherapy has been conducted that closely tied psychotherapy to three core ideas of Consciousness-only Buddhism.
We found out that psychotherapy-related features of Consciousness-only Buddhism mostly overlap with the core ideas of Consciousness-only Buddhism. Specifically, discussions on ālaya-vijñāna can be linked to psychotherapy that emphasizes unconscious state of the mind, and the logic of transition in the three nature theory can be associated with analytical psychology or cognitive therapy. Lastly, as for vijñaptimātrata, little research has been conducted before, and there remains ample room for future research. Achievement of vijñaptimātrata can be done through five stages of practicing asceticism, and the key practice is to transcend the realm of language through the use of language. It would be meaningful to analyze characteristics of practicing Consciousness-only Buddhism in connection with the perspective on language in psychotherapy. It is because language plays an important role in psychotherapy, and works as a key mechanism in areas such as cognitive therapy, ACT, and RFT.
Going forward, conducting psycholinguistic analysis of the concept of manojalpa or the four reflections (sashimsagwan) and the four enlightenments (sayeoshilji) that deal with myeongshimsa, sashimsa, jaseongshimsa, and chabyeolshimsa would be useful to identifying how to apply vijñaptimātrata to psychotherapy.

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