거울에서 깨진 거울로 ― 구조주의 예술론에 대한 비평적 분석 ― (From Mirror to Broken Mirror ― A Critical Analysis on Structuralism Art Theory)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 국제언어문학회
· 수록지 정보 : 국제언어문학 / 22호 / 183 ~ 208페이지
· 저자명 : 정윤길

초록

This paper explores how Louis Althusser and Pierre Macherey reject traditional concepts of text and reconfigure it into ‘production theory’ of text and how they connect it to Structuralism. Based on this purpose, this study hopes to interpret the meaning of text as production and understands the relation between ideology and text. The main stream in Marxist literary theory has been traditionally recognized as reflection-theory of historic and humanistic Neo-Hegelianism, which insists literature should mirror the economic base or essence of a social formation, and therefore literary mode must be a realism. It was challenged by other Marxists such as Althusser and Macherey.
Although Althusser refused to be labeled as a structuralist, Louis Althusser is noted for influencing structuralism by using his writing to elaborate on ideas first proposed by Karl Marx. While Marx relates all aspects of human life to the base or superstructure of economic production, Althusser envisions the base as one of three processes. Focusing on how ideology manifests itself within capitalist society, Althusser endeavored to develop a systematic theory of how a supposedly abstract system perpetuates itself through its living inhabitants. His Marxist or critical approach to cultural analysis examined the connections between social structure, power and culture, and how this influences subjectivity. His primary focus was on the relationship between ideology and the roles and identities society creates for people that help to perpetuate these conditions.
Basing on Althusser's ideology, Macherey insists that literature is not a reflection of social reality, but rather a production itself. For him, a work is tied to ideology not so much by what it says as by what it does not say. It is in the significant silences of a text, in its gaps and absences, that the presence of ideology can be most positively felt. It is these silences which the critic must make ‘speak’. The text ideologically forbidden to say certain things; in trying to tell the truth in his own way, for example, the author finds himself forced to reveal the limits of the ideology within which he writes. He is forced to reveal its gaps and silences, what it is unable to articulate.
They develop ‘Production Model’. They are specially concerned with the processes through which the work is produced and affects to the society. For them, ideology is not just a false consciousness but a system in which the subjects meet one another.

영어초록

This paper explores how Louis Althusser and Pierre Macherey reject traditional concepts of text and reconfigure it into ‘production theory’ of text and how they connect it to Structuralism. Based on this purpose, this study hopes to interpret the meaning of text as production and understands the relation between ideology and text. The main stream in Marxist literary theory has been traditionally recognized as reflection-theory of historic and humanistic Neo-Hegelianism, which insists literature should mirror the economic base or essence of a social formation, and therefore literary mode must be a realism. It was challenged by other Marxists such as Althusser and Macherey.
Although Althusser refused to be labeled as a structuralist, Louis Althusser is noted for influencing structuralism by using his writing to elaborate on ideas first proposed by Karl Marx. While Marx relates all aspects of human life to the base or superstructure of economic production, Althusser envisions the base as one of three processes. Focusing on how ideology manifests itself within capitalist society, Althusser endeavored to develop a systematic theory of how a supposedly abstract system perpetuates itself through its living inhabitants. His Marxist or critical approach to cultural analysis examined the connections between social structure, power and culture, and how this influences subjectivity. His primary focus was on the relationship between ideology and the roles and identities society creates for people that help to perpetuate these conditions.
Basing on Althusser's ideology, Macherey insists that literature is not a reflection of social reality, but rather a production itself. For him, a work is tied to ideology not so much by what it says as by what it does not say. It is in the significant silences of a text, in its gaps and absences, that the presence of ideology can be most positively felt. It is these silences which the critic must make ‘speak’. The text ideologically forbidden to say certain things; in trying to tell the truth in his own way, for example, the author finds himself forced to reveal the limits of the ideology within which he writes. He is forced to reveal its gaps and silences, what it is unable to articulate.
They develop ‘Production Model’. They are specially concerned with the processes through which the work is produced and affects to the society. For them, ideology is not just a false consciousness but a system in which the subjects meet one another.

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