19세기 조선의 曆算 매뉴얼 『推步捷例』 (Chubo-cheoprye (推步捷例), A Handy Manual for Calendar Making Calculation in 19th Century Korea)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 서울대학교 규장각한국학연구원
· 수록지 정보 : 규장각 / 44호 / 93 ~ 126페이지
· 저자명 : 전용훈

초록

『推步捷例』(古7300-8)는 19세기의 천문학자이자 수학자인 南秉吉(1820~1869)이 1861년에 편찬하고 간행한 것으로, 관상감의 관원들이 時憲曆法에 따라 천체의 위치를 계산하고 일용역서를 작성하는 데에 사용하기 위해 편찬한 역산 매뉴얼이다. 각종의 수표를 이용하여 원하는 계산을 간단하고 빠르게 하기 위한 계산의 과정을 제시하고 있을 뿐, 계산법에 적용된 수학적 원리나 천문학적 의미에 대한 이론적인 설명은 전혀 없다. 규장각한국학연구원에 소장된 『推步捷例』와 『七政步法』(奎12508), 그리고 『作曆式』(奎12506)이라는 책을 상호 대조해보면, 『推步捷例』는 『七政步法』과 『作曆式』의 합본으로부터 영향을 받아 성립한 책으로 확인된다. 따라서 『七政步法』(奎12508)과 『作曆式』(奎12506)은 원래 한 권의 책이었으나, 어떤 사정으로 인해 서로 다른 이름으로 분책되었을 가능성이 크다. 또한 『推步捷例』에는 일용 역서에서 날짜별 길흉의기를 나타내는 역주를 기입하는 방법도 수록하고 있다.

영어초록

Chubo-cheoprye (推步捷例, A Handy Example of Calendrical Calculation), written by Nam Byeong-gil (南秉吉, 1820-1869) a leading astronomer and mathematician in 19th century Korea, can be called “a handy manual for calendar making calculation.” Two types of orbital models for calculation of celestial bodies’ position, one of Tycho Brahe’s(1546-1601) for five planets and the other of Kepler’s(1571-1630) elliptic orbital model for the Sun, the Moon and eclipses occurred by the combinatorial motion of the two, were adopted in Korean calenderical calculation system in 1726 and in 1742 respectively. Chiljeong-chubo (七政推步, Calendrial Calcuation of Seven Celestial Bodies) compiled in 1798 was the first systemized manual of calendrical calculation adopting the two types of methods above in a single book. By the mid 19th century though, the manual Chiljeong-chubo had decayed and astronomers were wanting a new one, and Nam, widely reorganizing the contents of the old book, revised some calculation procedures and reedited a part provided for putting fortune notes (yeokju 曆注) in the annual calendar, titled jakryeoksik (作曆式, calendar making method). Chubo-cheoprye published in 1861 is very peculiar in its writing style that gives only calculation procedures with elementary operations step by step to the reader and never provide with theoretical explanation on the astronomical meaning of any calculation. This is why it is called “a handy manual of calendrical calculation.” Nam did not forget to give a caution to the expecting users of the manual, technicians of calendar making calculation in the royal astronomical bureau (觀象監). If they enjoy only the handy manual of calculation, they would be foolish on theoretical understanding of astronomy before long. It may be the reason why he, a year before writing Chubo-cheoprye, had written a handbook, titled Siheon-giyo (時憲紀要 Concise of Western Calendar, 1860), for the theoretical discussion.

참고자료

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