밀양아리랑의 변용과 전승에 관한 연구 (The study to the transmission and the various usage of Miryang Arirang)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 한국민요학회
· 수록지 정보 : 한국민요학 / 35권 / 131 ~ 166페이지
· 저자명 : 서정매

초록

한국의 아리랑이라고 하면, 흔히 정선아리랑, 진도아리랑, 밀양아리랑을 손꼽는다. 이 중 특히 밀양아리랑은 일제강점기에 다양한 창자에 의해 음반으로 발매되어 전국적으로 함께 부른 통속민요로서의 특징을 지니지만, 무엇보다 항일운동의 노래로 불러졌다는 사실이 다른 아리랑과는 차별되는 특징이기도 하다. 즉 항일 운동의 거점지이던 만주에서는 독립군아리랑으로 개사하여 불렀고, 임시정부 수립 후 1940년에는 광복군아리랑으로 개사하여 군가로 불렀다. 뿐만 아니라 1953년 중공군 발행 군가집 <朝鮮之歌>에서도 파르티잔아리랑이 수록되어 있을 정도로 밀양아리랑의 전파력은 매우 크다.
그러나 이러한 밀양아리랑이 경기민요 예능보유자 묵계월의 음반 <경기소리 95>에서 밀양아리랑이 경기민요로 수록되면서 그 정체성이 모호해졌다. 뿐만 아니라 북한가수들의 소리가 담긴 <북한아리랑>(1999)․<북한아리랑 명창전집>(2005) 등의 음반에 나타난 밀양아리랑은 북한식 창법으로 되어 있다. 이처럼 밀양아리랑은 통속민요로서 다양하게 변용되어 불려왔지만, 근원지인 밀양지역에서의 활동은 너무도 미비하다. 즉 발원지가 오히려 불모지가 되어 오늘에 이르고 있는 것이다.
2010년 현지조사로 발간된 『밀양민요집』에서는 창자가 작고하거나 현저히 줄어 조사 내용의 부족으로 인해 과거에 기록된 밀양아리랑의 가사를 모두 포함하여 책이 발간되었다. 또한 매년 개최되는 밀양아리랑대축제에서는 2011년에 이르러서야 밀양아리랑의 존재성을 부각시키기 시작했으며, 2011년 3월에는 토박이들의 노래로 구성된 밀양아리랑 음반이 최초로 발매되었고, 밀양시티투어의 일환으로 밀양관아에서 밀양아리랑 공연이 이루어지게 되었으며, 같은 해 12월 서울 남산국악당에서 개최된 아리랑한마당에서는 토박이들로 구성된 밀양아리랑 단독 공연이 공식적으로는 최초로 이루어졌다. 그리고 2012년 4월 국립민속박물관 아리랑 특별전시에서 밀양아리랑의 현지조사 및 인터뷰가 영상으로 소개되고 공연되었으며, 2012년 5월 밀양아리랑 상설공연이 처음으로 만들어지는 등 지역성을 지닌 밀양아리랑이 2011년에 들어와 본격적으로 활성화되고 있다.
그러나 현지에서의 밀양아리랑은 민요로서가 아닌 민속놀이의 일부분으로서 자리 잡고 있어서 민속놀이와는 분리된 독립된 밀양아리랑 공연 프로그램 개발과 새로운 창자의 발굴이 요구된다. 또한 밀양아리랑은 유희요의 기능을 넘어 군가 및 운동가로서의 기능까지 겸비하고 있지만, 경기민요 명창들 뿐 아니라 현지인 밀양지역에서조차 유희요로만 전승하고 있어서 밀양아리랑의 가치와 의미를 재조명하고 이를 강조할 수 있는 공연방식의 개발 등 올바른 전승과 계승을 위한 노력이 필요하다.

영어초록

Generally speaking, there are representitive Arirangs in Korea. One is Jeongseon another is Jindo Arirang, the other is Miryang Arirang. In particular, Miryang Arirang became popular among Koreans after the disks by many musicians were released under the rule of Japanese imperialism, On top of that, It is the distinct characteristic that Miryang Aririang was sung as a anti-Japanese song by the fighters for independence. In Manchuria in China which was a stronghold of anti-Japanese movement, it was sung with revised lyric lines called Independence Army Arirang. After Korean provisional government was established, it was sung as a martial song with revised words called Liberation Army Arirang. There is a surprising evident that even Chinese soldiers could sing revised version of Miryang Arirang in the collection of martial songs issued in 1953 by the Chinese military. Taking these facts into consideration, it can be said that It has a great ripple effect.
Unfortunately, after Miyarng Arirang had been contained in the disk, ‘GyeongGi Sori 95’, sung by MuckGyeWol who holds the title of the artists of GyeongGi folk songs, its identity became vague. Besides, Miryang Arirang was included in the disk, ‘North Korea Arirang’(1999) ‘The collection of best singers of North Korea Arirang‘ (2005) sung by several singers who sang in their own way. Considering the facts mentioned above, It cannot be denied that Miryang Arirang has a great spreading power and variability.
Likewise, it has been sung in a commonplace way with various usages. It also has the local characteristics as a folk song. Strange to say, the activities of it as a folk song are not good enough in Miryang, its original place. In other words, the soil of the origin place is barren not fertile and that condition has been so up to now. but recently things have changed. Although Miryang Arirnag Festival has been held every year, it borrowed just its name from Miyrnag Arirang. that is, it has not performed Miryang Arirang. But Miryang Arirang has started to get its proper position since 2011.
‘The Collection of Miryang Folk Songs’ published through the research in the field in 2010 covered all the lyrics from the past records of Miryang Arirang because of the lack of materials on it as to the death of the song writers of Miryang Arirang. A disk on Miryang Arirang sung by the only local people was first released in March 2011. Miryang Arirang is being performed in Miryang GyanA as a part of Miryang City Tour, and was first performed officially by the team which consisted in the only local people in Arirang HanMaDang Festival held in the NanSan Korean Classical Music Institute in December of the same year.
Through the special Exhibition of Arirang sponsored by the National Folk Museum in April 2012, the presentation on Miryang Arirang sung by the local singers, which was made by the field research and interviews of the local singers of it, was introduced and performed. Miryang Arirang has being performed on the regular basis for the first time since May, 2012, through which it started to gain the adequate position as a local folk song. Namely, it has begun to be basically and earnestly activated in Miryang, the birth place of Miryang Arirang, since 2011.
but the problem is that because the folksy Miryang Arirang is being led by the Institution of Miryang Folk Art Conservation whose members are Miryang BaekJung Nori, significant intangible cultural asset NO.68, and GamNeGaeJul DangGiGi, GyeongNam intangible cultural asset NO.7, it is believed that it is necessary to find new performers and musicians who can concentrate on and specialize in Miryang Arirang. There are other things to develop and improve Miryang Arirang. For example, It’s important to make the condition and circumstance for the people in Miryang to sing and publish the collections of lyrics of Miryang Arirang.
But in reality, As Myrang Arirang is positioned as a part of folk play not as a folk song in the field, it is required to find out the new creaters and performance programs which are seperated from the play.
In addition, Although Myrang Arirang has the function of martial and campaign song as well as amusement song, it is being transmitted as just amusement song by not only celebrated singer of GyeongGi folk song but also people in Myrang. That is why it is the time to reilluminate the value and meanings of Myrang Arirang and to find out the new ways of performance which can emphasize it, It is necessary to make the effort to transmit and inherit it properly

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