모더니즘과 프랑스 미술교육: 1863년 에콜 데 보자르(Ecole des Beaux-Arts)의 개혁과 아카데미 전통의 종말 (Modernism and Art Instruction in France: Reforms of Ecole des Beaux-Arts in 1863 and the End of Academy s Tradition)

서지정보

· 발행기관 : 서양미술사학회
· 수록지 정보 : 서양미술사학회 논문집 / 36호 / 61 ~ 88페이지
· 저자명 : 신상철

초록

The first appearance of methodical fine art organizations in France was 17th century when Royal academy of painting and sculpture was founded. When Anne d’Autriche has ruled, in 1648, Philippe de Champaigne, Sébastien Bourdon, Charles Le Brun has established royal academy of painting and sculpture which is considered as the first fine art education organization. Establishment of Academy has brought out crucial changes in status and appointment of artists of France society. Since the beginning, Royal academy of painting and sculpture of France has showed the standard of creating procedure to artist and had functions as a fine art school that discovered and educated young artists.
In art history of France, the role of academy had opposite evaluation according to the era. Although, in the absolute monarchy, it had been evaluated as the system which has systematized French Culture and art and spread its outcomes throughout the society, the academy had been criticized harshly by the modernist for being considered as a tool to maintain conservative style based on classicism, in 19th century. However, until the mid-19th century, the influence of the academy on French fine art was absolute in that the academy has ruled national school of fine art the gateway to success for artists and Grand Prix de Rome. Tradition of academy has been last until Ecole des Beaux-Arts was reformed, in 1863. Royal academy of fine art and sculpture was closed for a moment, the right after French revolution, by David, but it reopened as Acad émie des Beaux-Arts, the third department of Institut France in Napoleon’s Empire.
The Academy has sponsored Grand Prix de Rome, until mid-19th century,instill the concept of beau idéal as basic idea for fine art education of France.
However, the matter of originality has been arose since 1863, Salon des Refusés as a main issue of fine art, new program based on modern aesthetics has been chosen for fine art education of France. Reforming of Ecole des Beaux-Arts was the result of systematic acceptance of challenge and antipathy against the academy which was formed on modernism aesthetics. The appearance of professional and systematic organizations for fine art education, which was based on modernism aesthetics means that classicism based aesthetics was disappeared. Since then, artists’originality, creativity, free expression of style, and inquiry for contemporaneity,progress are has become a new value and criteria for art instruction of France.

영어초록

The first appearance of methodical fine art organizations in France was 17th century when Royal academy of painting and sculpture was founded. When Anne d’Autriche has ruled, in 1648, Philippe de Champaigne, Sébastien Bourdon, Charles Le Brun has established royal academy of painting and sculpture which is considered as the first fine art education organization. Establishment of Academy has brought out crucial changes in status and appointment of artists of France society. Since the beginning, Royal academy of painting and sculpture of France has showed the standard of creating procedure to artist and had functions as a fine art school that discovered and educated young artists.
In art history of France, the role of academy had opposite evaluation according to the era. Although, in the absolute monarchy, it had been evaluated as the system which has systematized French Culture and art and spread its outcomes throughout the society, the academy had been criticized harshly by the modernist for being considered as a tool to maintain conservative style based on classicism, in 19th century. However, until the mid-19th century, the influence of the academy on French fine art was absolute in that the academy has ruled national school of fine art the gateway to success for artists and Grand Prix de Rome. Tradition of academy has been last until Ecole des Beaux-Arts was reformed, in 1863. Royal academy of fine art and sculpture was closed for a moment, the right after French revolution, by David, but it reopened as Acad émie des Beaux-Arts, the third department of Institut France in Napoleon’s Empire.
The Academy has sponsored Grand Prix de Rome, until mid-19th century,instill the concept of beau idéal as basic idea for fine art education of France.
However, the matter of originality has been arose since 1863, Salon des Refusés as a main issue of fine art, new program based on modern aesthetics has been chosen for fine art education of France. Reforming of Ecole des Beaux-Arts was the result of systematic acceptance of challenge and antipathy against the academy which was formed on modernism aesthetics. The appearance of professional and systematic organizations for fine art education, which was based on modernism aesthetics means that classicism based aesthetics was disappeared. Since then, artists’originality, creativity, free expression of style, and inquiry for contemporaneity,progress are has become a new value and criteria for art instruction of France.

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